条纹蝇虎对灰茶尺蠖幼虫的捕食作用

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确条纹蝇虎（Plexippus setipes）对灰茶尺蠖（Ectropis grisescens）的防控效果,在室内条件下,开展了条纹蝇虎对灰茶尺蠖幼虫的捕食量、捕食功能反应、捕食选择性和种内干扰效应的研究。结果显示,条纹蝇虎偏好捕食灰茶尺蠖低龄幼虫,不同发育阶段捕食能力存在显著差异;其中成蛛捕食能力最强,日均可捕食灰茶尺蠖1龄幼虫17.44头,幼蛛捕食能力相对较弱,日均捕食1龄幼虫2.33头。条纹蝇虎捕食功能反应符合Holling Ⅱ模型,捕食量随灰茶尺蠖幼虫密度的增加而增加,而搜寻效应逐渐降低。捕食选择性试验表明,条纹蝇虎对灰茶尺蠖1龄幼虫和2龄幼虫表现为正喜好性（Ci>0）,对3龄幼虫表现为负喜好性（Ci<0）。条纹蝇虎对灰茶尺蠖幼虫的捕食作用同时受自身密度的影响,存在较强的种内干扰反应,该反应符合Hasse Ⅱ模型。研究表明,条纹蝇虎对灰茶尺蠖幼虫具有较强的捕食能力和良好的防控潜能,这为利用茶园蜘蛛天敌资源提供理论依据。

关键词: 条纹蝇虎, 灰茶尺蠖, 功能反应, 生物防治

Abstract: To clarify the control potential of Plexippus setipes on Ectropis grisescens, studies about the predator functional response, predation selectivity and intraspecific competition of P. setipes on E. grisescens larvae were conducted under indoor conditions. The results show that the P. setipes preferred to feed on the early stage larvae of the E. grisescens. There were significant differences in the predation ability among different developmental stages of P. setipes. Specifically, the adult spider had the strongest predation ability to hunt 17.44 larvae per day of the first instar of the E. grisescens, while the juvenile spider had relatively weak predation ability with only a daily of 2.33 larvae of the first instar. The predator functional response of P. setipes was in accordance with the Holling Ⅱ model. The Searching efficiency of P. setipes decreased with the increase of E. grisescens population. The predation selectivity shows that P. setipes showed positive preference (Ci > 0) for 1^st and 2^nd instar E. grisescens larvae along with negative preference (Ci < 0) for 3^rd instar larvae. The predatory effect of P. setipes on E. grisescens larvae was also influenced by their own population density. There was a strong intraspecific competition, which was consistent with the Hasse Ⅱ model. This study indicates that P. setipes had a strong predatory ability and control potential on E. grisescens larvae, providing a theoretical basis for exploring the use of spiders in tea plantations.

中图分类号:

S435.711

汪为通, 周孝贵, 张欣欣, 王志博, 张大羽, 肖强. 条纹蝇虎对灰茶尺蠖幼虫的捕食作用[J]. 茶叶科学, 2022, 42(4): 515-524. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.002.

WANG Weitong, ZHOU Xiaogui, ZHANG Xinxin, WANG Zhibo, ZHANG Dayu, XIAO Qiang. Predation of Plexippus setipes on Ectropis grisescens Larvae[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2022, 42(4): 515-524. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.002.

参考文献

[1] Nyffeler M, Birkhofer K.An estimated 400-800 million tons of prey are annually killed by the global spider community[J]. The Science of Nature, 2017, 104: 30. doi: 10.1007/s00114-017-1440-1.
[2] Mestre L, Piñol J, Barrientos J A, et al.Trophic structure of the spider community of a Mediterranean citrus grove: a stable isotope analysis[J]. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2013, 14(5): 413-422.
[3] Yang H L, Peng Y D, Tian J X, et al.Rice field spiders in China: a review of the literature[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2018, 111(1): 53-64.
[4] Marc P, Canard A.Maintaining spider biodiversity in agroecosystems as a tool in pest control[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1997, 62(2/3): 229-235.
[5] Marc P, Canard A, Ysnel F.Spiders (Araneae) useful for pest limitation and bioindication[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1999, 74(1/3): 229-273.
[6] D’Alberto C F, Hoffmann A A, Thomson L J. Limited benefits of non-crop vegetation on spiders in Australian vineyards: regional or crop differences?[J]. Biocontrol, 2012, 57(4): 541-552.
[7] Song X H, Yang T B, Xu X Q, et al.A checklist of spiders in tea plantations of China[J]. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2020, 8(2): e60143. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e60143.
[8] 姜瑞德, 王继青, 张涛, 等. 7种农药对茶园假眼小绿叶蝉和捕食性蜘蛛的影响研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2011, 11(2): 12-14.
Jiang R D, Wang J Q, Zhang T, et al.Effects of seven kinds of pesticides on leafhopper and predatory spiders in tea plantation[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2011, 11(2): 12-14.
[9] Manicom C, Schwarzkopf L, Alford R A, et al.Self-made shelters protect spiders from predation[J]. PNAS, 2008, 105(39): 14903-14907.
[10] Prasad A K, Roy S, Sen S, et al.Impact of different pest management practices on natural enemy population in tea plantations of Assam special emphasis on spider fauna[J]. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2020, 40(3): 1-7
[11] 邢树文, 梁秀霞, 朱慧, 等. 不同类型茶园游猎型蜘蛛亚群落特征的研究[J]. 植物保护, 2019, 45(6): 192-200, 221.
Xing S W, Liang X X, Zhu H, et al.Studies on the characteristics of the wandering spider sub-community in different types of tea plantation[J]. Plant Protection, 2019, 45(6): 192-200, 221.
[12] 李飞, 杨丹, 郑姣莉, 等. 中国茶园主要害虫生物防治研究进展[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2020, 59(10): 5-9, 22.
Li F, Yang D, Zheng J L, et al.Research advances in biological control of tea pests in China[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 59(10): 5-9, 22.
[13] Wang Z B, Li H, Zhou X G, et al.Comparative characterization of microbiota between the sibling species of tea geometrid moth Ectropis obliqua Prout and E. grisescens Warren[J]. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2020, 110(6): 684-693.
[14] 乔利, 洪枫, 金银利, 等. 光谱对灰茶尺蠖成虫光反应行为的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2020, 40(5): 617-624.
Qiao L, Hong F, Jin Y L, et al.Effects on the photoreaction behavior of Ectropis Grisescens Warren to different light spectrum[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2020, 40(5): 617-624.
[15] 张帅琪, 冯博文, 张婧, 等. 灰茶尺蠖和茶尺蠖绿色防控技术研究进展[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2020, 42(5): 1121-1138.
Zhang S Q, Feng B W, Zhang J, et al.Research progress on green control techniques of Ectropis grisescens Warren and Ectropis obliqua Prout[J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2020, 42(5): 1121-1138.
[16] 潘亚飞, 赵敬钊. 斜纹猫蛛对茶尺蠖幼虫捕食作用的初步研究[J]. 蛛形学报, 1996, 5(2): 149-153.
Pan Y F, Zhao J Z.Study on predation efficiency of Oxyopes sertatus to the larvae of Ectropis obliqua Hypulina[J]. Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 1996, 5(2): 149-153.
[17] 王国昌, 孙晓玲, 董文霞, 等. 不同温度下鞍形花蟹蛛亚成蛛对茶尺蠖3日龄幼虫的捕食功能[J]. 茶叶科学, 2010, 30(3): 173-176.
Wang G C, Sun X L, Dong W X, et al.Predatory response of penultimate-instar Xysticus ephippiatus simon on 3-day-old larval of tea loopers under different temperatures[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2010, 30(3): 173-176.
[18] 袁龙宇. 白斑猎蛛对茶尺蠖捕食作用的评价及茶园蜘蛛群落的初步研究[D]. 武汉: 湖北大学, 2015.
Yuan L Y.Effects of Evarcha albaria predation on Ectropis oblique and the preliminary study on the community of spiders in tea garden [D]. Wuhan: Hubei University, 2015.
[19] 彭贤锦. 中国动物志. 无脊椎动物. 第五十三卷, 蛛形纲. 蜘蛛目. 跳蛛科[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2019.
Peng X J.Zoology of China. Invertebrates. Volume 53, Arachnida. Arachnid. Arachnididae [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2019.
[20] 佘宇平, 陶滔. 滇西南茶园蜘蛛名录[J]. 蛛形学报, 1996, 5(2): 154-158.
She Y P, Tao T.List of spiders in tea gardens in southwestern Yunnan[J]. Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 1996, 5(2): 154-158.
[21] 王定锋, 刘丰静, 李慧玲, 等. 宁德市低海拔茶园蜘蛛群落结构及发生动态[J]. 茶叶科学, 2013, 33(5): 457-464.
Wang D F, Liu F J, Li H L, et al.Occurrence dynamics and structure of spider communities in tea plantations at low altitude in Ningde City[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2013, 33(5): 457-464.
[22] 崔清梅, 张强, 侯伟华, 等. 恩施茶园蜘蛛种类调查[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2012, 51(13): 2735-2737.
Cui Q M, Zhang Q, Hou W H, et al.Survey on spider species in tea garden in Enshi[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 51(13): 2735-2737.
[23] 李巍巍, 刘玉, 张丽霞, 等. 泰山茶园蜘蛛种类调查及优势种动态分析[J]. 茶叶科学, 2012, 32(4): 341-346.
Li W W, Liu Y, Zhang L X, et al.Structure and dynamic analysis of spider population of tea garden in Taishan region[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2012, 32(4): 341-346.
[24] 李新月, 谭济才, 李夕英. 湖南省茶园蜘蛛种类及其保护利用[J]. 茶叶通讯, 2012, 39(1): 9-14.
Li X Y, Tan J C, Li X Y.Investigation of species and protection measures of tea garden spiders in Hunan Province[J]. Journal of Tea Communication, 2012, 39(1): 9-14.
[25] 张觉晚. 捕食叶蝉的茶园蜘蛛优势类群及其优势种[J]. 茶叶通讯, 1993(1): 17-19.
Zhang J W.Dominant species and dominant species of tea garden spiders that prey on Cicadellidae[J]. Journal of Tea Communication, 1993(1): 17-19.
[26] 谢振伦. 英德茶区蜘蛛种群发生动态[J]. 广东茶业, 1995(3): 27-32.
Xie Z L.Dynamics of spider populations in Yingde tea area[J]. Guangdong Tea Industry, 1995(3): 27-32.
[27] 黎健龙, 苗爱清, 唐劲驰, 等. 复合间作栽培模式对茶园节肢动物群落的影响研究[J]. 广东农业科学, 2010, 37(9): 129-131.
Li J L, Miao A Q, Tang J C, et al.Effects on arthropod communities under multiple intercropping cultivation model in tea garden[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 37(9): 129-131.
[28] Holling C S.Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism[J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 1959, 91(7): 385-398.
[29] 丁岩钦. 昆虫数学生态学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994.
Ding Y Q.Insect Mathematical Ecology [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1994.
[30] 周集中, 陈常铭. 捕食者对猎物选择性的数量测定方法[J]. 生态学报, 1987, 7(1): 50-56.
Zhou J Z, Chen C M.Quantitative measurement of selectivity of predator for prey[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1987, 7(1): 50-56.
[31] 曹雯星, 张韬, 杨欢, 等. 大草蛉对草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫的捕食功能评价[J]. 植物保护学报, 2020, 47(4): 839-844.
Cao W X, Zhang T, Yang H, et al.Evaluation of predatory function of Chrysopa pallens to larvae of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2020, 47(4): 839-844.
[32] Hassell M P, Varley G C.New inductive population model for insect parasites and its bearing on biological control[J]. Nature, 1969, 223(5211): 1133-1137.
[33] Wilder S M, Rypstra A L.Males make poor meals: a comparison of nutrient extraction during sexual cannibalism and predation[J]. Oecologia, 2010, 162(3): 617-625.
[34] Sweeney K, Cusack B, Armagost F, et al.Predator and prey activity levels jointly influence the outcome of long-term foraging bouts[J]. Behavioral Ecology, 2013, 24(5): 1205-1210.
[35] 林清彩, 翟一凡, 陈浩, 等. 食蚜瘿蚊捕食能力研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2017, 33(2): 171-175.
Lin Q C, Zhai Y F, Chen H, et al.Predatory capacity of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani)[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2017, 33(2): 171-175.
[36] 张方平, 韩冬银, 张敬宝, 等. 拟小食螨瓢虫捕食六点始叶螨的初步观察[J]. 昆虫知识, 2010, 47(6): 1236-1239.
Zhang F P, Han D Y, Zhang J B, et al.Predation of Stethorus parapauperculus on Eotetranychus sexmaculatus[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 2010, 47(6): 1236-1239.
[37] 潘洪生, 李号宾, 丁瑞丰, 等. 多异瓢虫对棉黑蚜的捕食能力[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(4): 628-631.
Pan H S, Li H B, Ding R F, et al.Predation capacity of Adonia variegata to Aphis atrata[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2020, 36(4): 628-631.
[38] Nentwig W, Wissel C.A comparison of prey lengths among spiders[J]. Oecologia, 1986, 68(4): 595-600.
[39] 佘宇平, 陶滔, 扈克明. 蓝翠蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食功能反应[J]. 植物保护, 1996(2): 9-11.
She Y P, Tao T, Hu K M.The predatory function of Silerella uittata to Empoasca vitis[J]. Plant Protection, 1996(2): 9-11.
[40] 高景林, 赵冬香, 陈宗懋. 白斑猎蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食作用[J]. 热带作物学报, 2004, 25(3): 72-74.
Gao J L, Zhao D X, Chen Z M.Predation of Evarcha albaria on Empoasca vitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2004, 25(3): 72-74.
[41] 王利平, 王永模, 杜进平, 等. 斯氏钝绥螨对朱砂叶螨若螨的捕食作用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2011, 27(2): 171-175.
Wang L P, Wang Y M, Du J P, et al.Predation of Amblyseius swirskii on Tetranychus cinnabarinus Nymphs[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2011, 27(2): 171-175.
[42] Benhadi-Marín J, Pereira J A, Sousa J P, et al.Functional responses of three guilds of spiders: comparing single- and multiprey approaches[J]. Annals of Applied Biology, 2019, 175(2): 202-214.
[43] Coblentz K E, DeLong J P. Estimating predator functional responses using the times between prey captures[J]. Ecology, 2021, 102(4): e03307. doi: 10.1101/2020.07.19.208686.
[44] 周集中, 陈常铭. 拟环纹狼蛛对褐飞虱的捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究Ⅰ.功能反应[J]. 生物防治通报, 1986, 2(1): 2-9.
Zhou J Z, Chen C M.Predation effect of the Lzcosa pseudoamulata on the Nilaparvata lugens and its simulation model: I. Functional response[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 1986, 2(1): 2-9.
[45] 钱肖娜, 马延旭, 徐伟,等. 松毛虫赤眼蜂对灰茶尺蠖的寄生效果评价[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(4): 709-715.
Qian X N, Ma Y X, Xu W, et al.Parasitism of Ectropis grisescens by Trichogramma dendrolimi[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2021, 37(4): 709-715.
[46] Squires A J, Wilson C, DeLong J P. Zebra jumping spiders opportunistically forage on different sized midges[J]. Food Webs, 2021, 28: e00199. doi: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2021.e00199.
[47] Michalko R, Pekár S.The biocontrol potential of Philodromus (Araneae, Philodromidae) spiders for the suppression of pome fruit orchard pests[J]. Biological Control, 2015, 82: 13-20.
[48] García L F, Rave C, Arcila K, et al.Do predators react differently to dangerous and larger prey? The case of a mygalomorph generalist spider preying upon insects[J]. Zoology, 2021, 144: 125863. doi: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125863.
[49] 蒋兴川, 桂富荣, 陈斌, 等. 南方小花蝽在不同试验空间对西花蓟马的捕食及搜寻效应[J]. 生物安全学报, 2012, 21(1): 20-26.
Jiang X C, Gui F R, Cheng B, et al.Prey preference and searching efficiency of Orius similis on Frankliniella occidentalis in different experimental space[J]. Journal of Biosafety, 2012, 21(1): 20-26.
[50] 黄婕, 王蔓, 门兴元, 等. 加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨各螨态的捕食作用[J]. 植物保护学报, 2020, 47(1): 46-52.
Huang J, Wang M, Men X Y, et al.Predation of European red mite Panonychus ulmi by predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus at different stages[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2020, 47(1): 46-52.
[51] 符成悦, 徐天梅, 温绍海, 等. 益蝽对亚洲玉米螟幼虫的捕食行为及捕食功能反应[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(5): 956-962.
Fu C Y, Xu T M, Wen S H, et al.Predation behaviors and functional responses of Picromerus lewisi to the larvae of Ostrinia furnacalis[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2021, 37(5): 956-962.