炭基肥对茶园土壤团聚体有机碳物理稳定性的影响

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.011

茶叶科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 865-878.doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.011

炭基肥对茶园土壤团聚体有机碳物理稳定性的影响

陈峻锐^1,2, 胡钧铭^1,*, 石元值³, 韦翔华², 宋传奎⁴, 张俊辉¹, 郑富海¹, 索广利^1,2

1.广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广西耕地保育重点实验室,广西南宁 530007;
2.广西大学农学院,广西南宁 530004;
3.中国农业科学院茶叶科学研究所,浙江杭州 310008;
4.安徽农业大学茶业学院,安徽合肥 230036

收稿日期:2025-01-29 修回日期:2025-04-14 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-17
通讯作者: * jmhu06@126.com
作者简介:陈峻锐,男,硕士,主要从事茶园土壤环境管控方面的研究。
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（桂科ZY23055047）、广西科技基地和人才专项（桂科AA23026002）、广西茶叶试验站建设专项（桂TS202106）、广西农业科学院创新团队项目（桂农科2021YT040）、贵港市科技开发项目（桂科攻2021016、桂科通2117004）

The Effects of Biochar-based Fertilizer on the Physical Stability of Organic Carbon in Soil Aggregates of Tea Gardens

CHEN Junrui^1,2, HU Junming^1,*, SHI Yuanzhi³, WEI Xianghua², SONG Chuankui⁴, ZHANG Junhui¹, ZHENG Fuhai¹, SUO Guangli^1,2

1. Agricultural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Nanning 530007, China;
2. Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
3. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China;
4. School of Tea Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China

Received:2025-01-29 Revised:2025-04-14 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤团聚体是土壤结构和肥力的重要表征。广西亚热带地区茶园土壤板结、养分贫瘠等问题严重影响土壤碳库稳定性。系统评估茶园施用炭基肥对土壤团聚体有机碳结构特征及物理稳定性的影响,有助于集约化茶园土壤障碍消减与产能提升。以北回归线沿线广西桂平市西山茶40年茶园为研究对象,设置炭基肥（BF）、化肥（F）、不施肥（CK）3个处理进行连续2年野外定位试验,探究茶园土壤团聚体结构、有机碳分布规律及其稳定性。研究结果表明：（1）施用炭基肥提高了土壤pH与阳离子交换量（C_EC）,且有降低土壤容重（B_D）趋势。炭基肥处理的土壤pH值较不施肥和化肥处理分别增加0.18、0.31,土壤容重较化肥处理降低4.52%,阳离子交换量较不施肥和化肥处理分别提高12.12%、15.09%。（2）施用炭基肥提升土壤团聚体结构稳定性,促进了土壤水稳性大团聚体形成。炭基肥处理的>0.25 mm水稳性大团聚体（R_W0.25）、团聚体平均质量直径（D_MW）及几何平均直径（D_GM）值较化肥处理分别提高了15.34%、23.94%、34.48%。（3）施用炭基肥提高了土壤大团聚体有机碳含量,有利于有机碳在土壤大团聚体中储存。>2.00 mm粒径团聚体中,炭基肥处理的有机碳含量显著高于化肥、不施肥处理,增幅分别为45.23%、17.28%。炭基肥处理的团聚体有机碳贡献率相较于化肥、不施肥处理分别提高77.48%、13.11%。炭基肥处理的团聚体活性有机碳贡献率较化肥处理提高50.40%。（4）施用炭基肥提升了微团聚体有机碳稳定性。>0.053~0.25 mm、≤0.053 mm粒径团聚体中,炭基肥处理的有机碳氧化稳定性系数（K_OS）较不施肥处理分别提升82.42%、77.78%;>0.25~2.00 mm粒径团聚体中,炭基肥处理的K_OS值与化肥、不施肥处理相比分别下降40.79%、49.58%,炭基肥处理有降低土壤大团聚体有机碳稳定性趋势。炭基肥投入有助于茶园优化管控及碳库稳定。

关键词: 土壤团聚体, 土壤有机碳, 茶园固碳, 炭基肥

Abstract: Soil aggregate is an important indicator of soil structure and fertility. Soil compaction and nutrient deficiency in tea gardens in subtropical red soil areas seriously affect the stability of soil carbon pools. Evaluating the effects of biochar-based fertilizer application on the organic carbon structure characteristics and physical stability of soil aggregates in tea gardens can help to reduce soil barriers and improve productivity in intensive tea gardens. In this study, a 40-year old Xishan tea garden in Guiping, Guangxi, located along the Tropic of Cancer, was selected as the research object. Three treatments [biochar-based fertilizer (BF), chemical fertilizer (F), and no fertilizer (CK)] were used for a field positioning test for two consecutive years to explore the soil aggregate structure, organic carbon distribution and physical stability of the tea garden. The results show that: (1) the application of biochar-based fertilizer increased soil pH value and cation exchange capacity (C_EC), and tended to decrease soil bulk density (B_D). The soil pH value under the treatment of biochar-based fertilizer increased by 0.18 and 0.31 respectively compared with the no fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments. The soil bulk density under the biochar-based fertilizer treatment decreased by 4.52% compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment. The cation exchange capacity under the biochar-based fertilizer treatment increased by 12.12% and 15.09% respectively compared with the no fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments. (2) The application of biochar-based fertilizer improved the structural stability of soil aggregates and promoted the formation of large aggregates with soil water stability. The values of water stability large aggregates (R_W0.25), mean mass diameter (D_MW) and geometric mean diameter (D_GM) of aggregates >0.25 mm under the biochar-based fertilizer treatment were increased by 15.34%, 23.94% and 34.48% compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment. (3) The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased the organic carbon content of soil macroaggregates, which was conducive to the storage of organic carbon in soil macroaggregates. The organic carbon content of the aggregate with particle size >2.00 mm under the biochar-based fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that under the chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments, increasing by 45.23% and 17.28%, respectively. The contribution rate of organic carbon in biochar-based fertilizer was 77.48% and 13.11% higher than that of chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer, respectively. The contribution rate of active organic carbon in aggregates under biochar-based fertilizer treatment was 50.40% higher than that under chemical fertilizer treatment. (4) The application of biochar-based fertilizer improved the stability of organic carbon in microaggregates. For aggregates with a particle size of >0.053-0.25 mm and ≤0.053 mm, the organic carbon oxidation stability coefficient (K_OS) under biochar-based fertilizer treatment increased by 82.42% and 77.78%, respectively, compared with that under no fertilizer treatment. For aggregates with particle size of >0.25-2.00 mm, the organic carbon oxidation stability coefficient under biochar-based fertilizer treatment decreased by 40.79% and 49.58%, respectively, compared to the chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments. Biochar-based fertilizer treatment had a tendency to reduce the stability of organic carbon in large soil aggregates. The application of biochar-based fertilizer is conducive to the optimized management and carbon pool stability of tea gardens.

Key words: soil aggregate, soil organic carbon, carbon sequestration in tea garden, biochar-based fertilizer

中图分类号:

陈峻锐, 胡钧铭, 石元值, 韦翔华, 宋传奎, 张俊辉, 郑富海, 索广利. 炭基肥对茶园土壤团聚体有机碳物理稳定性的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025, 45(5): 865-878. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.011.

CHEN Junrui, HU Junming, SHI Yuanzhi, WEI Xianghua, SONG Chuankui, ZHANG Junhui, ZHENG Fuhai, SUO Guangli. The Effects of Biochar-based Fertilizer on the Physical Stability of Organic Carbon in Soil Aggregates of Tea Gardens[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2025, 45(5): 865-878. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.011.

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炭基肥对茶园土壤团聚体有机碳物理稳定性的影响

The Effects of Biochar-based Fertilizer on the Physical Stability of Organic Carbon in Soil Aggregates of Tea Gardens

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