茶角胸叶甲的药剂安全防治研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过浸叶法测定了8种化学药剂和6种生物源药剂对茶角胸叶甲成虫的室内药效，经田间药效试验筛选出了防治茶角胸叶甲的药剂，并测定药后7 d干茶中的农药残留。结果表明，室内药效试验中，药后72 h，高效氯氟氰菊酯（有效成分16.5 mg·L^-1）、联苯菊酯（有效成分55.6 mg·L^-1）、虫螨腈（有效成分143 mg·L^-1）、噻虫啉（有效成分124 mg·L^-1）、唑虫酰胺（有效成分165 mg·L^-1）、吡丙·虫螨腈（有效成分165 mg·L^-1）和天然除虫菊素（有效成分52.8 mg·L^-1）对茶角胸叶甲成虫致死率较高，分别为100%、100%、100%、100%、100%、95%和80%；其次为吡丙醚（有效成分14 800 mg·L^-1）和印楝素（有效成分16.5 mg·L^-1），致死率为50%和27.5%；噻嗪酮、短稳杆菌、茶皂素、桉油精和金龟子绿僵菌药后72 h对茶角胸叶甲成虫的致死率与清水对照无显著差异。田间施药后1~7 d，喷施高效氯氟氰菊酯（有效成分16.88 g·hm^-2）、联苯菊酯（有效成分56.25 g·hm^-2）、虫螨腈（有效成分201 g·hm^-2）、天然除虫菊素（有效成分36 g·hm^-2），对茶角胸叶甲成虫防治效果依次可达100%、100%、93.99%、40.82%。施药后7 d茶树鲜叶制成的干茶中，联苯菊酯、虫螨腈的残留量同时低于国家标准《GB 2763—2021》和欧盟标准茶叶中农药最大残留限量（MRL）；高效氯氟氰菊酯的残留量仅低于国家标准茶叶中农药MRL；尽管施用噻虫啉（有效成分126 g·hm^-2）田间防效可达98.31%，但施药后7 d制成的干茶中噻虫啉残留量均超出国家标准和欧盟标准茶叶中农药MRL。综上所述，可按需选用联苯菊酯、虫螨腈、高效氯氟氰菊酯、天然除虫菊素等对茶角胸叶甲成虫进行防治。

关键词: 联苯菊酯, 虫螨腈, 高效氯氟氰菊酯, 天然除虫菊素, 农药残留

Abstract: The indoor efficacy of eight chemical pesticides and six biological pesticides against Basilepta melanopus adult was evaluated using the leaf-dipping method. Field control efficacy trials were conducted to screen the pesticides for controlling B. melanopus adult, and the residues of these pesticides in dry tea were measured seven days after application. The results show that in the indoor efficacy test, 72 h after I-cyhalothrin (effective component 16.5 mg·L^-1), bifenthrin (effective component 55.6 mg·L^-1), chlorfenapyr (effective component 143 mg·L^-1), thiacloprid (effective component 124 mg·L^-1), tolfenpyrad (effective component 165 mg·L^-1), pyriproxyfen-chlorfenapyr (effective component 165 mg·L^-1) and natural pyrethrum (effective component 52.8 mg·L^-1) had higher lethality to the adult of B. melanopus, with lethality rates of 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 95% and 80%, respectively. Next were pyriproxyfen (effective component 14 800 mg·L^-1) and azadirachtin (effective component 16.5 mg·L^-1), with the lethality rates of 50% and 27.5%. The lethality rates of buprofezin, Empedobacter brevis, tea saponin, cineole, Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 were not significantly different from the clear water control. The maximum control efficacies of I-cyhalothrin (effective component 16.88 g·hm^-2), bifenthrin (effective component 56.25 g·hm^-2), chlorfenapyr (effective component 201 g·hm^-2), and natural pyrethrum (effective component 36 g·hm^-2) against B. melanopus adult after field application for 1~7 d were up to 100%, 100%, 93.99% and 40.82%, respectively. After 7 days of pesticide application, the residues of bifenthrin and chlorfenapyr were both lower than the maximum residue limits (MRL) in national standard (GB 2763—2021) and EU standard for pesticides in tea. Whereas the residue of I-cyhalothrin was only lower than the MRL in GB 2763—2021. Although the field control efficacy of thiacloprid (effective component 126 g·hm^-2) could be 98.31%, the residue in dry tea produced 7 days after application exceeded the MRLs in both GB 2763—2021 and EU standards. In conclusion, bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, I-cyhalothrin and natural pyrethrum can be selected as needed for the control of B. melanopus adult in tea plantations.

中图分类号:

仇欢^{1, 2}, 谭荣荣², 陈勋², 王红娟², 黄丹娟², 吴沛卓², 朱芬¹, 焦龙², 毛迎新². 茶角胸叶甲的药剂安全防治研究[J]. 茶叶科学.

QIU Huan^{1, 2}, TAN Rongrong², CHEN Xun², WANG Hongjuan², HUANG Danjuan², WU Peizhuo², ZHU Fen¹, JIAO Long², MAO Yingxin². Study on the Pesticide Safety Control against Tea Leaf Beetle Basilepta melanopus[J]. Journal of Tea Science.

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