Journal of Tea Science

Effect of Nitrogen Transformation Bacteria on Microbial Community and Nutrient Contents in Rhizosphere Soil of Tea Plant

HAN Xiaoyang, ZHANG Lixia, HUANG Xiaoqin, DONG Yuhui, LI Zhi, SHANG Tao

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 405-414. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.001

Abstract ( 434 )

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The effects of nitrogen transformation bacteria on micro-ecological environment of the rhizosphere soil of 2 years old tea plant were studied in Taian City of Shandong Province. The Bacillus subtilis (T1) and Azotobacter chroococcum (T2) were set up as inoculation treatments, and the noninoculation as the control in this research. The number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifying bacteria, azotobacter, nitrifying bacteria and the modification of microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil in different periods were measured, using the methods of culture counting and T-RFLP. Meanwhile, the nutrient contents in the soil were also determined. The results showed that the bacterial number of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than CK, but there were no significant impact on fungi and actinomycetes. In the whole test process, the number of ammonifying bacteria and azotobacter were higher than that of CK, among which ammonifying bacteria of T1 was the most, azotobacter of T2 was the most; the nitrifying bacteria numbers of CK was significantly higher than T1 and T2. Based on T-RFLP mapping analysis and compared with the control group, microbial diversity, the richness and evenness were rise in the bacterium treatments. The ammonium nitrogen concentration of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than that of CK, but the nitrate concentration were lower than that of CK. The available P concentration of T1 and T2 significantly increased by 8% and 25% for CK. Meanwhile, the available K concentration of T1 and T2 significantly increased by 15% and 11% for CK. The inoculation of Bacillus subtilis and Azotobacter chroococcum showed the positive effects, which could improve micro-ecological environment and soil nutrients of tea rhizospheric soil.

Effect of Heat Stress on the Photosynthesis System of Tea Leaves

LI Zhixin, LI Xin, FAN Lichao, HAN Wenyan

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 415-422. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.002

Abstract ( 604 )

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To study the effects of heat stress on the photosynthesis system of tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.), seedlings of ‘Longjing 43’ cultivar were challenged with high temperature (43℃) for 48 h followed by observation of photosynthetic apparatus by using Imaging Fluorescence system and Dual-PAM. Results obtained were as follows: Heat stress caused obvious alterations in the leaf phenotype. Net photosynthetic rate declined gradually following heat stress which was accompanied with significant decreases in the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco and the maximum RuBP regeneration rate. Heat stress decreased Fv/Fm, Y(Ⅰ) and Y (Ⅱ) rapidly, but increased Y(NO) and Y (NA), indicating that both photosystem II and photosystem I were damaged by heat stress. Φ_PSⅡ, ETR(Ⅱ) and ETR(Ⅰ) were also decreased significantly by heat stress, suggesting that heat stress possibly blocked the electron transduction, in tea leaves, photosystem I was more tolerant to heat stress, while photosystem II was relatively sensitive.

Growth Characteristic of Different Cultivars of Tea Plant in Response to Nitrogen Contents

WANG Liyuan, CHEN Changsong, LIN Zhenghe, WEI Kang, WU Liyun, FENG Suhua, CHENG Hao

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 423-428. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.003

Abstract ( 483 )

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Vegetative propagated plants of 6 tea cultivars were sand cultured in pots and fertilized with nutrient solution containing 0, 0.06, 0.60 and 6.00βmmol/L nitrogen. The growth characteristics of tea plants were analyzed under the four nitrogen levels. The results showed: (1)Plant height, root FW, shoot FW and SPAD value of leaves decreased significantly under nitrogen deficiency stress. Total biomass showed positive correlations with root FW and root shoot radio (P<0.05). (2)The nitrogen utilization abilities were varied widely with the genotypes of tea plant. Among 6 tea cultivars, ‘Fudingdabaicha’ and ‘Chungui’ were identified to the genotypes with high use efficiency under the low nitrogen content. (3)The root shoot ratios were higher under nitrogen deficiency stress and the maximal variation range was 20.97% as in ‘Tieguanyin’. Root shoot ratio differed significantly by genotypes. The root shoot ratios for ‘Tieguanyin’ and ‘Chungui’ were 0.71 and 1.81, respectively. (4)It was demonstrated that root shoot ratio and SPAD values under nitrogen deficiency stress could be used as screening indexes for low-N tolerant tea cultivar.

Effects of Soil Factors on the Selenium Absorption Characteristics of Tea Plant

ZHOU Chao, HU Yurong, ZENG Jianming, YANG Jian, CHEN Liyan

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 429-436. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.004

Abstract ( 437 )

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In order to establish the effects of different soil selenium content, soil moisture content and pH value on the selenium accumulation in tea plant, Zhongcha 108 was used as investigation materials, including pot experiment and a hydroponic experiment. The result showed that the selenium content in tea plant and the soil selenium content were positively correlated. Drought stress reduced the absorption rate of tea plant from soil. When the soil moisture content was 90%, the root accumulated the highest selenium(0.527βmg·kg^-1), and showed extremely significant difference with that planted in the soil moisture content was 50%(0.301βmg·kg^-1). Under different pH conditions, the leaves from various treatments accumulate the selenium at the rich-selenium level within 72 hours, and there is no significant difference in leaves between various treatments. After 28 days, there is a significant difference between leaves from various treatments. The highest selenium content of leaves appeared while the pH value is 3.5, significantly higher than those in other treatments. It can be inferred that soil selenium content, soil moisture content and pH value is closely related to the selenium accumulation of tea plant.

Antibiotics Inhibition to Agrobaceterium Rhizogenes and Effect to Tea Multiple Shoots

YANG Yaping, LI Yonglan, LIANG Yuerong, LU Jianliang, ZHENG Xinqiang

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 437-442. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.005

Abstract ( 428 )

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Effects of three antibiotics on inhibition of Agrobacterium Rhizogenes LBA4404 and 15834, bud formation and growth of tea plant were studied. The results showed that cefotaxime sodium and timentin can completely inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium LBA9402 and 15834, however, carbenicillin only inhibit LBA9402 bacterium but not 15834 bacterium. Bud regeneration and growth are significantly inhibited by cefotaxime sodium and carbenicillin treatment. There is no significant difference between Timentin (≤400βmg·L^-1) treatment and control without antibiotics on bud regeneration and growth of tea culture seedlings. Timentin is a good alternative antibiotic to eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens in tea plant genetic transformation system.

A Preliminary Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics for New Tea Cultivar Guilyu-I

MO Ling, YAO Yuefeng, BAI Kundong, GU Daxing, ZENG Danjuan, HUANG Yuqing

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 443-448. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.006

Abstract ( 354 )

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The Pn-PAR response curve and diurnal variation of photosynthesis of a new tea cultivar Guilyu-I were measured and analyzed with the Li-6400 portable photosythesis measuring system. The results showed that the curve of diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) could be described as unimodal curve, and the peak value was 9.36βμmol·m^-2·s^-1, which occurred at 11:00AM. The curve of diurnal variation of transpiration rate was also showed in a single peak curve, but the peak value appeared at 15:00, which was 4.06βmmol·m^-2·s^-1. The stepwise multi-regression analysis showed that the photosynthetically active radiation and air relative humidity were the main direct factors which affected the diurnal variation of Pn. The light compensation point and light saturation point in cultivar Guilyu-I were 7.13 and 354.60βμmol·m^-2·s^-1 respectively. And the apparent quantum yield was 0.088 mol·mol^-1. This study provided a theoretical basis for fast-growing and high-yield cultivation, and for the establishment of cultivation management strategy of the introduction of Guilyu-I cultivar.

Identification and Biology Characteristics Research of a Myllocerinus aurolineatus-Beauveria Strain Isolated from Guangdong Province

WANG Dingfeng, LI Jianlong, LI Huiling, LI Liangde, WANG Qingsen, WU Guangyuan

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 449-457. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.007

Abstract ( 355 )

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Through morphological characters and rDNA-ITS identification, a Myllocerinus aurolineatus-Beauveria strain that was isolated from tea plantation in Yingde Guangdong Province was identified to be Beauveria bassiana, and named as Bb1-1. In order to confirm the biocontrol potential of Bb1-1, two highly virulent B. bassiana strain towards M. aurolineatus weevil used as the reference, the strain growth rate, sporulation, spore germination rate, thermotolerance and UV resistance of Bb1-1, and the virulence of Bb1-1 to M. aurolineatus weevil under 25℃, 29℃ and 32℃ were tested. The results showed that there were no significant difference on the strain growth rate, spore germination rate, and UV resistance among three strains; the sporulation decreased in this order: XJBb3005> Bb1-1> XJBb3008; however, Bb1-1 showed the best thermotolerance. At 25℃, the cumulative corrective mortality of three strains were all beyond 93.94%, and there were no significance among them. However, the virulence of Bb1-1 to M. aurolineatus weevil was higher than that of the two reference strains under high temperature. At 29℃, the cumulative corrective mortality was 90.91% (7 d), LT₅₀ value was 3.83d. At 32℃, the cumulative corrective mortality was 80% (7 d), LT₅₀ value was 5.28 d. In consideration of Bb1-1’s good thermotolerance and the highly virulent to M. aurolineatus weevil under high temperature, it’ll play a very important role in biocontrol of M. aurolineatus weevil.

Review on the Effect of Tea on Platelet Activation

CHEN Ping, QIU Pei, CHENG Hao, ZHOU Ying, GONG Shuying

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 458-464. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.008

Abstract ( 584 )

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Platelet activation is the basis of the incidence of many cardiovascular disease, antiplatelet drugs could block the cascade of platelet aggregation in different levels. As confirmed by clinical research and animal experiments, tea and tea ingredients can inhibit platelet aggregation. Catechins exhibit a structure-activity relationship in antiplatelet effect. This review summarized recent progress in the effect of tea and tea ingredients on platelet activity or platelet aggregation in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo, and also the effect on thrombus and coagulation system. The mechanism of anti-aggregatory effect of tea is explored, which provide further confirmation for its antithrombotic function and the preventive effect for cardiovascular disease.

Application Research of Artificial Neural Network in Sensory Quality Evaluation of TanYang GongFu Black Tea

PAN Yucheng, YE Naixing, PAN Yuhua, ZHAO Shiyu

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 465-472. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.009

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According to the main indexes of sensory quality evaluation in the TanYang GongFu black tea, the grade of tea and nonlinear mapping relationship in the main index was built by using BP Neural Network. Prediction of grade was achieved and all these have been proved by experiments. The results showed that expert prediction system of TanYang GongFu black tea possessed good recognition effect and strong practicality, could overcome subjective error caused by human and to improved the speed of tea assessment, the tasters who possessed the knowledge of tea assessment could correctly assessed the grade of tea.

Adsorption Properties of Porous Starch on Tea Polyphenols and Antioxidative Capacity of the Complex

LUO Huimin, NING Min, XU Yingbo, WANG Chenghui, DU Xianfeng

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 473-480. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.011

Abstract ( 531 )

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Porous cornstarch was prepared by synergism of the α-amylase and gluamaylase and employed as a carrier to absorb tea polyphenol(TP), the factors affecting the adsorption were optimized by using the orthogonal experimental design. Studying on the adsorption thermodynamic characteristic and fitting the isotherms with Langmuir equation and Freundlich equation, it turned out that the adsorption isotherm was well represented by the Langmuir equation (R²>0.99). The different heat of adsorption according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm conformed to the hydrogen bonding key range. Furthermore, the investigation on the antioxidative activity of the complex by measuring the scavenging capabilities on DPPH and ABTS free radicals showed that the complex possessed a good antioxidant activity rised with the concentration of TP, and the auto-oxidation rates of TP turned to a significant slower rate after TP was adsorbed on the porous starch.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsbHLH2 in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)

HAN Yongtao, XIAO Bin, QIAN Wenjun, LIANG Shaoru

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 481-490. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.012

Abstract ( 335 )

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The bHLH (basic Helix-Loop-Helix) transcription factor is one of the most important transcription factor in plants, which play important roles in plant growth and stress regulation. The bHLH transcription factor CsbHLH2 was cloned from tea plant (Camellia sinensis) cultivars ‘Shanchayihao’ by homologous cloning technology using cDNA template. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the CsbHLH2 contains 714 bp ORF and was predicted encoding 297 amino acid, the deduced protein molecular weight was 58.4 kD and its theoretical isoelectric point was 5.14. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that CsbHLH2 was highly homologous to other higher plant bHLH proteins. Transient expression of recombinant plasmid CsbHLH2/PBI221-GFP in Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that CsbHLH2 was located in cell nuclei. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the expression profiles showed that the CsbHLH2 gene was expressed in bud, leaf, stem and root. The highest expression level of the CsbHLH2 was found in the young leaf. Different hormone treatments results showed that the CsbHLH2 was induced by ETH, MEJA and SA treatment, respectively.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of Phosphoenolpyruvate Transporter Gene CsPPT from Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)

ZHAO Zhen, CHEN Xuan, WANG Mingle, WANG Weidong, Najeeb Ahmed, LI Xinghui

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 491-500. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.014

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The open reading frame (ORF) of CsPPT (GenBank accession number: KJ652972) from Camellia sinensis ‘Baiye 1’was obtained using RT-PCR and RACE technology. The deduced ORF of CsPPT has 1 227 nucleotides, encoding 408 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the molecular weight of the predicted protein was 44.7 kDa, and the theoretic isoelectric point was 10.16. The predicted protein had no signal peptide, belonging to non-secretory protein. Poylogenetic tree of CsPPT had been built. Phosphorylation prediction showed the whole protein polypeptide contained 26 phosphorylation sites. Subcellular localization of CsPPT protein displayed that it was located in the chloroplast. TMHMM analysis showed that CsPPT protein belonged to transmembrane proteins. QRT-PCR analysis results showed that the expression of CsPPT has obvious tissue specificity, which was higher in flower, followed by buds, leaves, and tender stems, but lower in roots.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsCDF1 (Cycling Dof Factor 1) Gene in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)

HU Juan, WANG Liyuan, WEI Kang, CHENG Hao, ZHANG Chengcai, ZHANG Fen, WU Liyun

Journal of Tea Science. 2015, 35(5): 501-511. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.015

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The full-length cDNA of the first Dof gene (CsCDF1) was cloned from tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] by SMART-RACE cloning technology, and the bioinformatic analysis of the cloned gene were conducted by using online service. The expression profile of this gene in various tissues and with diurnal rhythm as well as in response to different dosage nitrogen treatment were investigated by using real-time fluorescent quantitative RT- PCR. The obtained cDNA sequence was 1β606 bp and contained a complete open reading frame encoding 464 amino acid residues with highly conserved DOF domain. The molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point (PI) is 50.8βkDa and 5.52 respectively. The analysis by utilizing the BLAST software showed that the derived protein sequences shared separately 69%, 67% and 68% similarity with CDF (Cycling dof factor) proteins in Nicotiana to-mentosiformis, Solanum tuberosum and Nicotiana sylvestris. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the protein encoded by this gene was clustered into the same clade with Arabidopsis thaliana CDF, so it was named as CsCDF1. The expression of CsCDF1 dominated in roots rather than in one bud and two leaves or mature leaves in three phenotypes. During one day, CsCDF1 gene changed with the diurnal rhythm, and resupplying nitrogen after starvation for 2 weeks, the expression in response to different concentration of nitrogen was all raised in different tissues.

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