茶园土壤性状及茶树营养元素吸收、转运机制研究进展

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 优质安全的茶叶离不开养分条件、环境安全和茶园的土、水、肥的管理。本文在茶园土壤、茶树养分功能和分子营养机制、茶树施肥技术、茶园土壤重金属及茶树累积特点和机制等方面,对近五年来国内外的研究进展进行了综述。在茶园土壤研究方面,除了关注植茶后茶园土壤有机质变化特点外,茶园碳储量在全球碳循环中所起的重要作用也引起了人们的重视,同时分子生物学技术也开始应用于茶园土壤微生物种群数量和演变的研究,并在茶园土壤质量评价、土壤酸化原因以及应用生物质改良酸化茶园土壤等方面取得了一定进展。在茶树养分功能和调控技术方面,对主要营养元素氮、磷、钾等的营养功能及其在茶叶品质成分代谢中的作用和茶树吸收特性等有了更深入的认识,在茶树养分转运子基因克隆、氮营养分子生理机制、抗环境胁迫的分子基础等方面的研究逐渐深入,在机械施肥、水肥一体化、控释肥施用等技术研究方面取得较大进展,施肥的环境效应特别是温室气体排放影响成为近年的研究热点。伴随着对食品安全问题的关注,茶叶产地土壤重金属和稀土等的安全状况、茶树累积特点等方面的研究也取得一定进展。

关键词: 茶园土壤, 营养功能, 养分管理, 施肥, 分子机制, 重金属

Abstract: The soil conditions of tea plantations as well as the management of water and fertilizers are requisites for tea plant growth and quality construction. This paper reviewed the research progresses in the recent five years on the topics of the dynamics of soil properties of tea gardens, the functions of nutrients associating with the metabolism of tea quality related components and the underneath molecular mechanisms, the management technologies of nutrition, heavy metals and rare earth elements in tea soils and their accumulation in plants. In addition to the works of the dynamics of organic matter in tea soil following the establishment of tea plantation, the contribution of carbon storage in tea ecosystems to the global C cycling has been highlighted. Molecular biological approaches are increasingly applied in the study of the community and evolvement of microbes in tea soils. Meanwhile advances in the evaluation of soil quality, the mechanism and ameliorative measures of soil acidification have been made. The recent progresses in the area of nutrition have greatly deepened our understandings of the functions of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the metabolism of tea quality components. The characteristics of nutrient absorption were elucidated at molecular and physiological levels and putative genes of several nutrient transporters were cloned. Adoption of mechanical fertilization, fertigation and controlled releasing chemical fertilizers were recommended as measures of nutrient management to improve utilization efficiency while the environmental impacts of fertilization such as emission of greenhouse gases gained considerable focus. On the other hand, progresses were made in the field of safety of tea products as heavy metals in the soils of tea plantations and accumulation of these elements in the tea plants are concerned.

Key words: tea garden soil, physiological functions of nutrients, nutrition management, fertilization, molecular mechanism, heavy metal

中图分类号:

S571.1
S15

刘美雅, 伊晓云, 石元值, 马立锋, 阮建云. 茶园土壤性状及茶树营养元素吸收、转运机制研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学, 2015, 35(2): 110-120. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.002.

LIU Meiya, YI Xiaoyun, SHI Yuanzhi, MA Lifeng, RUAN Jianyun. Research Progress of Soil Properties in Tea Gardens and the Absorption and Translocation Mechanisms of Nutrients and Other Elements in Tea Plant[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2015, 35(2): 110-120. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.002.

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