化肥减施对乌龙茶产量、品质和肥料利用率及经济效益的影响

陈玉真; 王峰; 吴志丹; 张文锦; 翁伯琦; 尤志明

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.005

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茶叶科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6) : 758-770. DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.005

研究报告

化肥减施对乌龙茶产量、品质和肥料利用率及经济效益的影响

陈玉真^1,2, 王峰^1,2, 吴志丹^1,2, 张文锦^1,2, 翁伯琦³, 尤志明^1,2,*

作者信息 +

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Yield, Quality, Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency and Economic Benefit of Oolong Tea

CHEN Yuzhen^1,2, WANG Feng^1,2, WU Zhidan^1,2, ZHANG Wenjin^1,2, WENG Boqi³, YOU Zhiming^1,2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

通过田间试验,研究了不同化肥减施模式对茶叶产量、品质、养分吸收、肥料利用率的影响,分析了不同施肥模式下的经济效益情况,设置了5个处理：不施肥（CK）,当地常规施肥（CF）,有机替代（OF,化肥减量50.7%）、新型缓释肥（SRF,化肥减量34.4%）和茶树专用生物炭基肥（BF,化肥减量30.3%）。结果表明,与不施肥（CK）模式相比,各施肥模式下茶叶产量两年平均增幅为14.24%~29.56%;与常规施肥处理（CF）相比,有机替代处理茶叶产量有所降低,新型缓释肥（SRF）和茶树专用生物炭基肥处理（BF）两年平均产量增加3.83%和9.66%,其中BF处理显著高于CF处理（P<0.05）。与CF处理相比,各化肥减施模式对茶叶品质成分不会产生明显的影响,BF处理能降低茶叶酚氨比,尤其是秋茶。与CF处理相比,SRF和BF处理能提高茶树新梢氮、磷、钾、钙和镁的吸收量,提高茶树新梢肥料利用率,其中SRF处理新梢肥料贡献率、农学效率、偏生产力和养分回收率两年平均分别增加了3.25%、0.96 kg·kg^-1、4.01 kg·kg^-1和7.51%,BF处理新梢肥料贡献率、农学效率、偏生产力和养分回收率两年平均分别增加7.63%、1.41 kg·kg^-1、3.95 kg·kg^-1和13.71%,BF处理效果优于SRF处理。与CF处理相比,新型缓释肥每年每公顷增加纯收入630元,BF处理增加纯收入6 995元。茶树专用生物炭基肥模式在闽北乌龙茶区具有良好的应用前景。

Abstract

Through field experiment, the effects of different reduced chemical fertilizer applications on the yield, quality components, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization efficiency of tea plants were studied. We also compared economic benefits under different chemical fertilizer treatments, which included non-fertilize (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), organic fertilizer replacement (OF, 50.7% chemical fertilizer reduced), slow release fertilizers (SRF, 34.4% chemical fertilizer reduce) and biochar-based formula fertilizer (BF, 30.3% chemical fertilizer reduce). The results show that the different fertilization patterns had significant effects on tea yields. Compared with the CK, the average increase of tea yields under different fertilize applications in two years ranged from 14.24% to 29.56%. In comparison with CF, the tea yield decreased under the OF treatment, although the difference was not significant. The tea yields under SRF and BF treatments were averagely increased by 3.83% and 9.66% in two years. Tea yield under BF was significantly higher than that under CF. The tea quality components showed no statistical difference among different chemical fertilizer applications, but BF treatment significantly reduced the TP/AA ratio of tea, especially autumn tea. SRF and BF promoted N, P, K, Ca and Mg uptakes in tea plants, and improved fertilizer utilization efficiency in young shoots. Compared with CF, the fertilizer contribution rate, agronomic efficiency, partial productivity and nutrient recovery under SRF averagely increased by 3.25%, 0.96 kg·kg^-1, 4.01 kg·kg^-1and 7.51%, respectively. The fertilizer contribution rate, agronomic efficiency, partial productivity and nutrient recovery under BF averagely increased by 7.63%, 1.41 kg·kg^-1, 3.95 kg·kg^-1and 13.71%, respectively. Compared with CF, the average net income per hectare under SRF and BF increased by 630 CNY·hm^-2 and 6 995 CNY·hm^-2, respectively. Therefore, the biochar-based fertilizer modelis one of the important measures to increase the fertilizer efficiency of Minbei Oolong tea, and has a good application prospect.

导出引用

陈玉真, 王峰, 吴志丹, 张文锦, 翁伯琦, 尤志明. 化肥减施对乌龙茶产量、品质和肥料利用率及经济效益的影响[J]. 茶叶科学. 2020, 40(6): 758-770 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.005

CHEN Yuzhen, WANG Feng, WU Zhidan, ZHANG Wenjin, WENG Boqi, YOU Zhiming. Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Yield, Quality, Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency and Economic Benefit of Oolong Tea[J]. Journal of Tea Science. 2020, 40(6): 758-770 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.005

中图分类号： S571.1 S143.1

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