不同炭焙时间对大红袍感官品质及挥发性化合物的影响

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.011

茶叶科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 960-972.doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.011

不同炭焙时间对大红袍感官品质及挥发性化合物的影响

谢贺^1,2, 萧涵^1,2, 胡腾飞^1,2, 陈国和^1,2, 刘洋^1,2, 欧行畅^1,2, 蒋容港^1,2, 虞丽明⁵, 李勤^1,2,3,4, 黄建安^1,2,3,4, 刘仲华^1,2,3,4,*, 王超^1,2,3,4,*

1.湖南农业大学茶学教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙 410128;
2.国家植物功能成分利用工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙 410128;
3.植物功能成分利用省部共建协同创新中心,湖南长沙 410128;
4.农业农村部园艺作物基因资源评价利用重点实验室,湖南长沙 410128;
5.武夷山九五茶叶有限公司,福建南平 354399

收稿日期:2024-07-18 修回日期:2024-08-21 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2025-01-08
通讯作者: *larkin-liu@163.com;wangchao2809@163.com
作者简介:谢贺,女,硕士研究生,主要从事茶叶加工理论与新技术研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（32272773）、国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-19）、湖南省自然科学基金（2023JJ40319）、科技人才与平台计划（院士专家工作站）（202104AC100001-B01）

Effects of Different Charcoal Baking Times on the Sensory Quality and Volatile Compounds of Dahongpao

XIE He^1,2, XIAO Han^1,2, HU Tengfei^1,2, CHEN Guohe^1,2, LIU Yang^1,2, OU Xingchang^1,2, JIANG Ronggang^1,2, YU Liming⁵, LI Qin^1,2,3,4, HUANG Jian'an^1,2,3,4, LIU Zhonghua^1,2,3,4,*, WANG Chao^1,2,3,4,*

1. The Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
2. National Engineering Research Center for the Utilization of Plant Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China;
3. Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China;
4. Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China;
5. Wuyishan Jiuwu Tea Co., Ltd., Nanping 354399, China

Received:2024-07-18 Revised:2024-08-21 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2025-01-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究不同炭焙时间大红袍中的香气特征及挥发性化合物的动态变化,采用定量描述分析（Quantitative descriptive analysis,QDA）、顶空固相微萃取（Headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME）和全二维气相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,GC×GC-Q-TOF/MS）的方法,对炭焙200、300、400、500、600 min（编号分别为LF200、LF300、LF400、LF500、LF600）的大红袍中挥发性化合物进行研究。结果表明,青气出现在炭焙前期,随着炭焙时间的延长,青气逐渐消失,花果香突显,其中LF600样品的花果香最为明显。在不同炭焙时间的大红袍中共检测出304种挥发性化合物,以醇类、醛类、酯类为主。采用主成分分析（Principal component analysis,PCA）和层次聚类分析（Hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA）可将不同炭焙时间下的样品分为3组,以变量投影重要性（Variable important for the projection,VIP）>1和相对香气活性值（Relative odor activity value,ROAV）>1为标准筛选出了11种关键差异化合物,其中具有青气特征的(E,E)-2,4-己二烯醛的相对含量随着炭焙时间延长而降低,具有果香特征的苯甲酸甲酯、苯乙酸甲酯、橙花醇、月桂烯的相对含量随着炭焙时间延长而增加。本研究结果对指导大红袍的生产加工,调控大红袍品质,以及提高大红袍饮品价值属性具有一定意义。

关键词: 大红袍, 炭焙时间, 香气特征, 挥发性化合物

Abstract: To investigate the aroma characteristics and dynamic changes of volatile compounds of Dahongpao at different charcoal baking times, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-Q-TOF/MS) were applied to analyze the volatile compounds at different charcoal baking times of 200 min, 300 min, 400 min, 500 min and 600 min (LF200, LF300, LF400, LF500 and LF600). The results show that the grassy aroma appeared in the early stage of charcoal baking, and with the extension of charcoal baking time, the grassy aroma gradually disappeared, and the floral and fruity aroma were prominent, and the floral and fruity aroma were the most porminent in the LF600 sample. A total of 304 volatile compounds were detected in Dahongpao at different charcoal baking times, among which alcohols, aldehydes and esters were the main ones. The principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) results divided the samples under different carbon baking times into three groups, and 11 major differential compounds were screened by variable important for the projection (VIP)>1 and relative odor activity value (ROAV)>1. Among them, the relative content of (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal in the grassy characteristic decreased with the extension of the charcoal baking time, while the relative contents of methyl benzoate, methyl phenylacetate, nerolidol and myrcene in the fruity characteristics increased with the extension of the charcoal baking time. The purpose of this study was to regulate the quality of Dahongpao, and to improve the drinking attributes for the subsequent production and processing of Dahongpao.

Key words: Dahongpao, baking times, aroma characteristics, volatile components

中图分类号:

谢贺, 萧涵, 胡腾飞, 陈国和, 刘洋, 欧行畅, 蒋容港, 虞丽明, 李勤, 黄建安, 刘仲华, 王超. 不同炭焙时间对大红袍感官品质及挥发性化合物的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(6): 960-972. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.011.

XIE He, XIAO Han, HU Tengfei, CHEN Guohe, LIU Yang, OU Xingchang, JIANG Ronggang, YU Liming, LI Qin, HUANG Jian'an, LIU Zhonghua, WANG Chao. Effects of Different Charcoal Baking Times on the Sensory Quality and Volatile Compounds of Dahongpao[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(6): 960-972. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.011.

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不同炭焙时间对大红袍感官品质及挥发性化合物的影响

Effects of Different Charcoal Baking Times on the Sensory Quality and Volatile Compounds of Dahongpao

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