不同供钾水平对茶树幼苗鲜叶主要生化成分的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以10月龄扦插“瑞香”茶苗[Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. Ruixiang]为试验材料,通过沙培试验,设5个钾（K）浓度（0、100、400、800、2β000βμmol·L^-1）,每周施钾肥3次,处理26周后,研究不同钾浓度对茶苗叶片主要生化成分的影响。结果表明,当供钾浓度分别为0、100βμmol·L^-1时,茶树成熟叶片钾含量分别为5.26、5.91βmg·g^-1,此时茶树处于缺钾状态,缺钾降低了茶树根、茎叶的生物量,增加了根冠比,显著降低叶片氮（N）和磷（P）的含量;叶片钾含量与氮、磷含量均呈正的线性相关（Y_N=1.045X+11.906β5,R²=0.816β7;Y_P=0.307β5X–0.570β6,R² =0.914β6）;缺钾显著降低了茶树叶片氨基酸、咖啡碱、水浸出物和EGCG含量,相反却显著增加了叶片的茶多酚含量、儿茶素总量、酚氨比,以及叶片EGC和EC含量;叶片精氨酸、茶氨酸、谷氨酸等在缺钾时显著降低,与正常供钾浓度（2β000βμmol·L^-1）的叶片相比分别下降了86.96%、72.46%、40.43%;香气成分GC-MS分析表明,缺钾叶片醇类、醛类和酯类芳香物质含量降低,香气物质种类减少,缺钾对茶树叶片香气品质的提高具有消极的影响。

关键词: 茶树, 缺钾, 生化成分, 香气成分

Abstract: Vegetatively propagated 10-month-old tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. Ruixiang] seedlings grown in pots were fertilized three times weekly for 26 weeks with nutrient solution containing 0, 100, 400, 800 or 2β000βμmol·L^-1 potassium. The effects of different potassium concentrations on the nutritional elements (N, P, K), biochemical and aroma components of tea seedlings were studied. The results showed that the tea plants exhibited potassium deficiency when the potassium concentration was 0 or 100βμmol·L^-1. The potassium contents in the mature leaves of the tea plants were 5.26βmg·g^-1 and 5.91βmg·g^-1, correspondingly. The K-deficiency decreased the root and shoot biomasses, but increased the the ratio of root to shoot. Leaf K content was positively correlated with N and P levels (Y_N=1.045X+11.9065, R²=0.8167. Y_P=0.3075X–0.5706, R² =0.9146 ). Results also showed that K-deficiency decreased the contents of amino acid, caffeine, water extract and EGCG, but increased the contents of tea polyphenol, catechins, EGC, EC and the ratio of tea polyphenol to anmin acid. The contents of arginine, theanine and glutamic acid were significantly decreased in the K-deficient leaves as compared with leaves under normal potassium supply (2 000 μmol·L^-1), which decreased by 86.96%, 72.46% and 40.43% respectively. Aroma component analysis showed that the K-deficient leaves had lower alcohols, aldehydes and esters. Potassium deficiency had a negative effect on the aroma quality of tea leaves.

Key words: tea plant, K deficiency, biochemical components, aroma components

中图分类号:

钟秋生, 林郑和, 张辉, 陈志辉, 游小妹, 单睿阳, 陈常颂. 不同供钾水平对茶树幼苗鲜叶主要生化成分的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2017, 37(1): 49-59.

ZHONG Qiusheng, LIN Zhenghe, ZHANG Hui, CHEN Zhihui, YOU Xiaomei, SHAN Ruiyang, CHEN Changsong. Effects of Different Potassium Levels on Main Biochemical Components of Fresh Leaves of Tea Seedlings[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2017, 37(1): 49-59.

参考文献 39

[1]	Panaullah G M, Timsina J, Saleque M A, et al.Nutrient uptake and apparent balances for rice wheat sequences. III. Potassium[J]. J Plant Nutr, 2006, 29(1): 173-187.
[2]	Zhang F S, Niu J F, Zhang W F, et al.Potassium nutrition of crops under varied regimes of nitrogen supply[J]. Plant Soil, 2010, 335(1): 21-34.
[3]	Xia L, Yu H-Q, Guo H-R, et al.Effects of potassium deficiency on photosynthetic characters and chlorophyll fluorescence characters in maize plants[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2008, 16(6): 71-74.
[4]	谢建昌, 周健民. 我国土壤钾素研究和钾肥使用的进展[J]. 土壤, 1999 (5): 244-254.
[5]	Lin Z H, Chen L S, Chen R B, et al.CO2 assimilation, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, carbohydrates and photosynthetic electron transport probed by the JIP-test of tea leaves in response to phosphorus supply[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2009 (9): 43.
[6]	Salehi S Y, Hajiboland R.A high internal phosphorus use efficiency in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants[J]. Asian J Plant Sci, 2008, 7(1): 30-36.
[7]	Liu W, Zhu D W, Liu D H, et al.Comparative metabolic activity related to flavonoid synthesis in leaves and flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to K deficiency[J]. Plant Soil, 2010, 335(1): 325-337.
[8]	韩文炎, 石元值, 马立峰. 茶园钾素研究进展与施钾技术[J]. 中国茶叶, 2004, 26(1): 22-24.
[9]	耿建梅, 黄建国, 王守生. 矿质营养对茶叶产量和品质的效应[J]. 西南农业大学学报, 2001, 23(1): 51-53.
[10]	黄意欢, 萧力争. 茶树营养生理与土壤管理[M]. 长沙: 湖南科学技术出版社, 1992: 99-101.
[11]	林郑和, 钟秋生, 陈常颂, 等. 不同供钾水平对茶树幼苗光合作用的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2013, 33(3): 261-267.
[12]	林郑和, 钟秋生, 陈常颂, 等. 缺钾对茶树幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(4): 974-980.
[13]	吴洵, 阮建云. 钾镁对茶树的生理效应[J]. 中国茶叶, 1995, 17(4): l8-l9.
[14]	阮建云, Hard R.钾和镁对乌龙茶产量和品质的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, l997, 17(1): 9-l3.
[15]	马茂桐, 张自力. 红壤茶园施用钾镁硫肥对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J]. 蚕桑茶叶通讯, 1992(4): 5-7.
[16]	阮建云, 伍炳华, 吴洵. 氯化钾在茶园中的增产提质效果[J]. 土壤肥料, 2000(4): 20-22.
[17]	Lin Z H, Chen L S, Chen R B, et al.Root release and metabolism of organic acids in tea plants in response to phosphorus supply[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2011, 168(7): 644-652.
[18]	中华人民共和国农业部种植业管理司. NY/T 2017—2011 植物中氮、磷、钾的测定[S]. 2011.
[19]	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB/T 8302-14—2002茶叶检测方法[S]. 2002.
[20]	刘盼盼, 邓余良, 尹军峰, 等. 绿茶滋味量化及其与化学组分的相关性研究[J]. 中国食品学报, 2014, 14(12): 173-181.
[21]	吕海鹏, 林智, 钟秋生, 等. 普洱茶E8组分的化学成分研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2010, 30(6): 423-428.
[22]	吕连梅, 董尚胜. 茶树的钾素营养[J]. 茶叶, 2003, 29(4): 195-197.
[23]	M Ashraf, Z U Zafar.Effect of potassium deficiency on growth and some biochemical characteristics in two lines of lentil (Lens culinaris Medic)[J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 1997, 19(1): 9-15.
[24]	Chokri Hafsi, María C Romero-Puertas, Luis A del Río, et al. Antioxidative response of Hordeum maritimum L. to potassium deficiency[J]. Acta Physiol Plant, 2011, 33(1): 193-202.
[25]	Debasmita Samal, John L Kovar, Bernd Steingrobe, et al.Potassium uptake efficiency and dynamics in the rhizosphere of maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) evaluated with a mechanistic model[J]. Plant Soil, 2010, 332(1): 105-121.
[26]	Zhao D L, Oosterhuis D M, Bednarz C W.Influence of potassium deficiency on photosynthesis chlorphyl content and chloroplast ultrastructure of cotton plants[J]. Photosynthetica, 2001, 39(1): 103-109.
[27]	张文锦, 梁月荣, 张应根, 等. 遮荫对夏暑乌龙茶主要内含化学成分及品质的影响[J]. 福建农业学报, 2006, 21(4): 360-365.
[28]	李静, 夏建国. 氮磷钾与茶叶品质关系的研究综述[J]. 中国农学通报, 2005, 2(1): 62-65.
[29]	林郑和, 陈立松, 陈荣冰, 等. 缺磷对茶树幼苗养分吸收的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2009, 29(4): 295-300.
[30]	邓西海, 蒋其鳌, 周凌云. 世界主要优质红茶化学成分与产地环境研究[J]. 土壤, 2008, 40(4): 672-675.
[31]	阮建云, 吴洵. 钾镁营养供应对茶叶品质和产量的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2003, 23(增刊): 21-26.
[32]	边金霖, 董迹芬, 林杰. 钾肥施用对茶鲜叶香气组分的影响[J].福建农林大学学报自然科学版, 2012, 41(6): 601-607.
[33]	孙红. 绿茶品质与茶多酚、氨基酸、水浸出物含量关系分析[J]. 茶业通报, 1989(2): 21-25.
[34]	吴洵, 阮建云. 钾镁肥提高茶叶氨基酸含量的效果[J]. 茶叶, 1995, 21(4): 22-25.
[35]	Ruan J Y, Ma L F, Shi Y Z.Potassium management in tea platations: Its uptake by field plants, status in soils, and dfficacy on yields and quality of teas in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition Soil Science, 2013, 176(3): 450-459.
[36]	Yuan Ling, Wang shousheng, Wang zhihui. Tea-grown soil and tea quality in Sichuan and Chongqing, China[J]. Pedosphere, 2000, 10(1): 45-52.
[37]	Sharma D K, Sharma K L.Effect of nitrogen and potash application on yield and quality of china hybrid tea (Camellia sinesis) grown in Kangra valley of Himachal pradesh[J]. India Journal of Agricultural Science, 1998, 68(6): 307-309.
[38]	M Suganuma, A Saha, H Fujiki, et al.New cancer treatment strategy using combination of green tea catechins and anticancer drugs[J]. Cancer Science, 2011, 102(2): 317-323.
[39]	TM Rains, S Agarwal, KC Maki. Antiobesity effects of green tea catechins: a mechanistic review[J]. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2011, 22(1): 1-7.