不同栽培模式对籽叶双收茶树新梢生理生化特性的影响

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明籽叶双收茶树新品系在不同栽培模式下的茶叶品质及代谢差异,调查了‘金茶1号'单株稀植与条栽密植模式下的物候期以及单芽、一芽一叶、一芽二叶的长度及百芽重,并对一芽二叶的品质及代谢产物进行研究。结果表明,‘金茶1号'单株稀植模式的单芽、一芽一叶、一芽二叶的长度及百芽重均大于条栽密植模式,生育期晚于条栽密植;单株稀植模式新梢的茶多酚、儿茶素及没食子酸含量分别比条栽密植模式下高3.96、5.06、1.19百分点,而总氨基酸与茶氨酸含量分别比条栽密植模式低1.27、0.21百分点。通过比较代谢组学研究,鉴定出163种显著差异代谢物,主要富集在氨基酸及多酚生物合成途径。单株稀植模式下‘金茶1号'的脱落酸、赤霉素和茉莉酸等含量显著高于条栽密植模式;而吲哚乙酸、6-糠氨基嘌呤及吲哚-丁酸显著低于条栽密植模式。研究阐明了不同栽培模式通过协同调控内源激素与代谢通路影响籽叶双收茶树鲜叶品质的机制,为产业化推广提供高效栽培的实践模式。

关键词: 茶树, 栽培模式, 籽叶双收, 生物学特性, 代谢机制

Abstract: To explore the differences in tea leaf quality and metabolic profiles of a new seed-leaf dual-pupose tea cultivar ‘Jincha 1' under different cultivation patterns, the study investigated the phenological stages, lengths, weight per hundred buds of single bud, one bud with one leaf, and one bud with two leaves shoots under single plant sparse planting pattern and strip dense planting pattern. Moreover, comprehensive analyses were conducted on quality components and metabolomic profiling of the samples of one bud with two leaves. The results show that the tea cultivar ‘Jincha 1' under single plant sparse planting pattern yielded longer and heavier single buds, one bud with one leaf, and one bud with two leaves shoots compared to the strip dense planting pattern. Additionally, there is a delayed maturity period single plant sparse planting. Furthermore, the contents of tea polyphenols, catechins and gallic acid in the new shoots of single plant sparse planting pattern were 3.96, 5.06, and 1.19 percentage points higher than those of strip dense planting pattern, respectively. Conversely, strip dense planting resulted in higher total amino acid (1.27 percentage points) and theanine (0.21 percentage points) contents. A total of 163 significantly differential metabolites were identified by comparative metabolomics analysis, which were largely enriched in amino acid and polyphenol biosynthetic pathways. Notably, the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and jasmonic acid (JA) were higher in the single plant sparse planting pattern than those in the strip dense planting pattern. While, the levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA), 6-chloroadenosine phosphate (6-KT), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in the single plant sparse planting pattern were lower than those in the strip dense planting pattern. This study reveals the mechanism by which different cultivation modes affect the tea quality through the regulation of endogenous hormones and metabolic pathways, providing a practical model for efficient cultivation in industrial promotion.

Key words: tea plant, cultivation pattern, seed-leaf dual-purpose, biological characteristics, metabolic mechanism

中图分类号:

S571.1
S326

江丽, 李朵姣, 胡新荣, 沈英姿, 郑寨生, 翁晓星, 刘淑婧, 边晓东, 袁名安, 陈暄. 不同栽培模式对籽叶双收茶树新梢生理生化特性的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025, 45(5): 783-794. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.012.

JIANG Li, LI Duojiao, HU Xinrong, SHEN Yingzi, ZHENG Zhaisheng, WENG Xiaoxing, LIU Shujing, BIAN Xiaodong, YUAN Ming'an, CHEN Xuan. Effects of Different Cultivation Patterns on Physiological and Biochemcial Characteristics of New Shoots in Seed-Leaf Dual-Purpose Tea Plants[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2025, 45(5): 783-794. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.012.

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