云南大叶种茶树炭疽病病原分离鉴定及生防菌筛选

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 茶炭疽病是危害大叶种茶树的主要病害之一,发病严重时可对产量和品质造成严重影响。在云南省临沧市沙河乡茶园中采集到一类具有炭疽症状的病叶,采用常规组织分离法进行病原分离纯化,通过科赫氏法则验证并结合分子生物学及形态学鉴定,以确定致病原;采用稀释分离法从云南大叶种茶树植株中分离内生菌,通过平板对峙试验,筛选具有拮抗作用的生防菌株。结果表明,分离到的MTTJ-Ⅴ菌株能够侵染茶树,并引起相同炭疽症状;结合形态特征和ITS、TUB2、ACT、GAPDH多基因序列联合分析结果,最终将该病害的病原菌鉴定为喀斯特炭疽菌Colletotrichum karstii,发现喀斯特炭疽菌是云南大叶种茶炭疽病致病菌;从11个茶树品种的茎叶中分离到161株内生细菌,对喀斯特炭疽菌具有明显拮抗作用的有59株,其中菌株CGJ-02的抑菌率最高,可达73.73%±6.25%;通过形态学、生理生化及分子生物学方法,鉴定菌株CGJ-02为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis;菌株CGJ-02抑菌谱广,除喀斯特炭疽菌以外,还对山茶刺盘孢（Colletotrichum camelliae）、山茶拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis camelliae）等11种病原真菌具有拮抗效果。综上,本研究筛选获得的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CGJ-02菌株对云南大叶种茶树炭疽病致病菌MTTJ-Ⅴ菌株具有显著的生防活性,为茶树炭疽病的生物防治提供了优质的菌株资源。

关键词: 茶树, 炭疽病, 病原鉴定, 拮抗菌

Abstract: Tea anthracnose is a major disease that affects large-leaf tea plants. Severe infections can significantly reduce yield and compromise quality. Leaves showing symptoms of anthracnose were collected from tea plantations in Shahe Township, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. The pathogen was isolated and purified using conventional tissue separation methods. It was identified as the causal agent by fulfilling Koch's postulates, and further confirmed through morphological characterization and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The results show that the isolated strain MTTJ-Ⅴ could infect tea plants and cause identical anthracnose symptoms. Based on morphological characteristics and a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, TUB2, ACT and GAPDH gene sequences, the pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum karstii. This is the first report of C. karstii as a pathogen of tea anthracnose on Yunnan large-leaf tea plants. A total of 161 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from the stems and leaves of 11 tea cultivars. Among these, 59 strains exhibited significant antagonistic activity against C. karstii. Strain CGJ-02 showed the highest inhibition rate (73.73%±6.25%). Based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular biological characteristics, strain CGJ-02 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. Strain CGJ-02 exhibited a broad antifungal spectrum, showing antagonistic effects against 11 pathogenic fungi, including Colletotrichum camelliae and Pestalotiopsis camelliae, in addition to C. karstii. In conclusion, the screened strain B. velezensis CGJ-02 demonstrated significant biocontrol activity against the tea anthracnose pathogen MTTJ-Ⅴ. This strain represents a high-quality microbial resource for the biological control of tea anthracnose.

Key words: tea plant (Camellia sinensis), anthracnose, pathogen identification, antagonistic bacteria

中图分类号:

马思宇, 龙丽雪, 李子龙, 赵显汪, 何鹏飞, 何鹏搏, 陈林波, 曲浩, 龙亚芹, 唐萍. 云南大叶种茶树炭疽病病原分离鉴定及生防菌筛选[J]. 茶叶科学, 2026, 46(1): 89-100.

MA Siyu, LONG Lixue, LI Zilong, ZHAO Xianwang, HE Pengfei, HE Pengbo, CHEN Linbo, QU Hao, LONG Yaqin, TANG Ping. Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Anthracnose on Yunnan Large-Leaf Tea Plants and Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2026, 46(1): 89-100.

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