Journal of Tea Science

Fifty Years of the Journal of Tea Science

ZHU Yongxing, CHEN Zongmao

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 417-427. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.001

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Fifty years′ work of the Journal of Tea Science is summarized. Based on the data collection about the Journal of Tea Science, statistic analysis are carried out mainly focused on the sources of manuscripts, published papers, authors, authors′ institutions, and the quality and impact of the published paper. There are also discussions on improving its quality and better future development.

Study of the Hypoglycemic Effect of Pu'er Tea and Green Tea Extracts

LI Zhiwen, WANG Yuanyuan, WANG Genbei, CHEN Yanfang, LI Changwen, MA Xiaohui

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 428-434. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.002

Abstract ( 724 )

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This study mainly researched the hypoglycemic effect of green tea extract and Pu'er tea extract by two animal models. C57BL/6J mice were selected as control group, KKAy mice were randomly grouped. They were all orally given Pu'er tea extract and green tea extract for 4 weeks. At last we selected the fasting blood glucose and AUC as objects of observation, compare the effect of green tea extract and Pu'er tea extract. We selected these two kinds of tea extract which were given orally to rats that were caused diabetic model by STZ. The results showed that both Pu'er tea extract and green tea extract could reduce the content of fasting blood glucose, the AUC at two model experiments. But the difference was that Pu'er tea extract was superior to green tea extract in fasting blood glucose and impaired AUC. At the same time Pu'er tea extract could significantly decrease the level of insulin resistance than that of green tea extract. But in decreasing the levels of fasting serum insulin, green tea extract slowed no evident difference in comparing with the model group. In the comparing of two tea extracts on diabetes target enzyme such as aldose reductase and PTP1B inhibition in vitro, the results showed that Pu'er tea extracts strongly inhibited PTP1B activity, the inhibition rate was 88.0%, green tea extract had no inhibitory effects on the enzyme. So after comprehensive evaluation the hypoglycemic effect of Pu'er tea’s extracts was better than that of green tea extracts.

Research on Aspergillus flavus Toxin-producing in Pu'er Tea Fermentation

LI Yali, KANG Guanhong, YANG Liyuan, ZHU Hongkun, LI Zhiying, ZHOU Hongjie

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 435-441. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.003

Abstract ( 804 )

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For the purpose of studying the Aspergillus flavus growth and toxin production in Pu′er tea fermentation, the Yunnan large-leaves solar-drying green tea was used as the raw material to fermentate by inoculating toxigenic Aspergillus flavus fungus in Pu′er tea. Aflatoxin was tested by LC-MS/MS method at the end of tea samples fermentation. The results showed that during the tea fermentation, Aspergillus flavus growth was observed in the initial fermentation. However, with the extension of Pu′er tea fermentation time, Aspergillus flavus growth were inhibited in the late fermentation, the number decreased gradually, while the end of fermentation, the aflatoxin was not detected in tea samples.

Research on the Protection and Mechanism of Pu'er Tea on the Renal Inflammation Injury Resulted by Chronic Lead Treatment

LIU Hongjuan, LYU Cui, LIU Xiaoli, ZUO Ru, SHENG Jun, ZHANG Wensheng

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 442-450. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.004

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Lead (Pb) is one of the most important inorganic contaminants in the environment, which can cause multiple systems and multiple organs damage. Kidney is the main target organ for lead toxicity. Lead can cause renal glomerular damage, leading to renal interstitial fibrosis, and causing renal inflammation injury. Renal inflammation injury is current research focus, whose main mechanism is oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, etc. Preliminary study found that chronic lead exposure can cause the renal inflammation injury though increasing Methylglyoxal(MG). MG is a dicarbonyl compounds distributed widely, with a high activity in reacting with nucleobase of DNA, RNA and residue of protein. Accumulation of MG can promote inflammatory injury through AGES-RAGE-NFκB pathway. Pu’er tea is Characteristic, it can remove MG producing by high glucose. In this study, Different doses of Pu’er tea were used to treat the lead exposure model, then detecting the whole blood lead level, inflammatory factor TNF-α, 1L-1β, RGAE protein expression and carbonyl compounds MG levels of kidney tissues of mouse. The results showed that a certain concentration of Pu’er tea can not only play pro-excretion effect, but also directly chelate the MG in organ, reduces the excessive accumulation of MG, and the formation of AGEs, down-regulate the expression of RAGE, and reduce the generation of TNF-α, 1L-1β, finally slowing subsequent inflammatory injury.

The Discrimination of Pu'er Tea According to Region of Origin Using the Content of Heavy Rare-earth Elements

LIU Hongcheng, LIN Xin, HE Lizhong, LAN Shanshan, LIN Tao, YAN Hongmei, LI Qiwan

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 451-457. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.005

Abstract ( 833 )

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Pattern recognition techniques were studied to classify the Pu’er tea on the basis of their geographical origin. In this experiment, 85 samples of Pu’er tea in three mainly origin regions (Xishuangbanna, Pu’er and Linchang city) were collected as experimental samples. 16 heavy rare-earth elements in Pu’er tea samples were determined by using inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of Wilk’s method were used as classification procedures. The recognition accuracy for the training samples (Pu’er shu tea and Pu’er sheng tea) on three origin regions were all 100%, cross-validating were 100%. The recognition accuracy for the training samples (mixture of Pu’er shu tea and Pu’er sheng tea) on Xishuangbannan, Pu’er and Linchang city set was 93.3%, 87.9%, 90.9 %, respectively; cross-validating were 90%, 87.9%, 90.9%, respectively. The recognition accuracy for the testing 18 samples were 84.6 %、81.4%、82.9% respectively. Those results revealed that it was possible to distinguish three mainly origin regions of Pu’er tea by the contents of heavy rare-earth elements.

Effect of Ca²⁺on Sediment Formation in the Tea Infusion under Different Fermentation Degree

HU Xiongfei, XU Yongquan, ZHONG Xiaoyu, HONG Zhiyong, DU Qizhen, YUAN Haibo, YIN Junfeng

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 458-464. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.006

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In order to investigate the effect of Ca²⁺ on sediment formation in tea infusion, which was prepared by dissolving different instant tea powders with the water containing different concentrations of Ca²⁺, the amount and chemical components contents of tea sediment were analyzed. The results showed that, the amount of tea sediment increased with the increasing concentration of Ca²⁺(5 to 40 mg·L^-1) in green tea infusion and there was significant positive correlation (r=0.98,P<0.01) between the amount of tea sediment and Ca²⁺ concentration. The contents of polyphenols (r=0.95,P<0.01), total sugars (r=0.99,P<0.01), caffeine (r=0.82,P<0.05) were also found to be highly correlated with the amount of tea sediment. Under the treatment of the same Ca²⁺ concentration, the amount of tea sediment of green tea, Tiguanyin tea, Wuyi tea, black tea and Pu′er tea were significant different. With the deepening of fermentation degree of different teas, the amount of sediment in different tea infusion increased. However, the effect of Ca²⁺ on tea sediment formation decreased. After analysis, there was a significant correlation (r=0.78,P<0.05) between the polyphenols contents in tea infusions and the increasing rates of tea sediments. It indicated that Ca²⁺ could improve tea sediment formation by affecting the behavior of polyphenols.

Bio-efficacy of Tea Extract on Mouse B16 Melanoma Cell in Vitro and Its Mechanism

CHEN Zhenchun, JIA Lingyan, MAO Zufa, KIM Eunhye, WANG Guangwei, TU Youying

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 465-472. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.007

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The Bio-efficacy and mechanism of tea extract on mouse B16 melanoma cell in vitro were studied in this paper. Cells were treated with different concentration of TF1, EGCG and TF40, then the cell morphology was observed. The tyrosinase activity was determined by MTT method. The synthesis of melanin was determined using DOPA as substrate, and proliferation rate of B16 cells was determined by colorimetry, then analyzing the effects of drugs to these indexes. The results showed that the cell morphology was changed by the treatment of drugs. The tyrosinase activity, the synthesis of melanin and proliferation rate of B16 cells were all negatively related to the drugs concentration. Tea extracts and Vc can cause the inhibition of the synthesis of melanin, and resulted to white skin. The whiting effect of tea extracts is better than that of Vc.

Effect of Abscisic Acid on Physiological Characteristics of Tea Plant under Drought Stress

ZHOU Lin, XU Hui, ZHU Xujun, CHEN Xuan, WANG Yuhua, FANG Wanping, LI Xinghui

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 473-480. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.008

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Abscisic acid (ABA) is one kind of important plant hormone. It plays great roles in plant tolerance to stresses. In order to understand the effects of ABA on the tea plant under drought stress, cultivar ‘Yingshuang’ was used as the material and treated with 100 mg·mL^-1, 200 mg·mL^-1 polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000), and then the physiological and biochemical indicators were determined. The results showed that osmotic content and antioxidant enzyme activity increased slightly after being treated with ABA. Under drought stress, ABA reduced the impact of drought stress on photosynthetic system of tea plant. Simultaneously, the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline were increased and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxide were increased accordingly. This phenomenon implied ABA can decrease the damage of drought stress on tea plant and enhance the ability of drought tolerance in tea plant. The osmotic content and antioxidant enzyme activity maintained a higher level in the tea plant samples which have been treated by ABA after rehydration. Exogenous ABA perhaps showed a certain effect on drought resistance of tea plant.

Establishment a SSR-PCR System of Tea Plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Based on the 4300 DNA Analysis System

ZHANG Jieru, WEI Chaoling

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 481-488. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.009

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Simple sequence repeats (SSR) play an important role in genetic and breeding research for tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. 4300 DNA Analysis System is high-throughput, accurate and sensitive in detecting the signals, it has been used in molecular markers techniques in many species, but its application in tea plant has not been reported up to now. In this study, the main parameters that affect tea SSR-PCR have been optimized and verified via single factor experiment and L₉(3⁴) orthogonal test. A suitable SSR-PCR reaction system of the 4300 DNA Analysis System for the tea plant genetic research was obtained: 1.0 μL DNA（25 ng·μL^-1）, 0.2 μL MF-F, 0.2 μL R and 0.40 μL IR-MF, 0.8 μL of dNTPs (25 mmol·L^-1), 1.0 μL 10×Buffer (Mg²⁺), 0.1 μL Ex-Taq polymerase (5 U·μL^-1), adding sterile water to a total volume of 10 μL. Concentration of all primers is 1 μmol·L^-1. Besides, in this research, polyacrylamide gel solution (acry:bis is 29:1, concentration is 6.5%) self-made is detected to be alternative to the gel solution provided by 4300 DNA analysis system for detecting SSR loci.

Effect of 14 Plant Essential Oils on the Behavior of Ectropis obliqua (Prout)

ZHANG Zhengqun, SUN Xiaoling, LUO Zongxiu, GAO Yu, BIAN Lei, XIN Zhaojun, CAI Xiaoming, CHEN Zongmao

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 489-496. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.010

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：To study the repellency, oviposition deterrence and antifeeding effect of 14 plant essential oils against Ectropis obliqua (Prout) and to explore essential oils as the behavior-modifying stimuli of E. obliqua “push-pull” strategy in tea plantations. Behavioral bioassays were conducted to test the repellent and oviposition deterrence activity of 14 different essential oils on adults of E. obliqua, and the antifeeding activities of plant essential oils against the 3rd-instar larvae were investigated by leaf disc choice bioassays. The results showed that Ocimum basilicum oil, Rosmarinus officinalis oil, Cinnamomum zeylanicum oil, Cuminum cyminum oil and Pelargonium graveolens oil displayed strongest repellency against the female and male adults of E. obliqua, and R. officinalis oil and P. graveolens oil also have deterred oviposition for female E. obliqua. Under three tested concentrations of essential oil, C. cyminum oil, O. basilicum oil and Agastache rugosa oil showed strong antifeeding activities to E. obliqua larvae. The antifeedant rates of essential oils increased differently, and the growth rates of E. obliqua larvae decreased with the increase of concentration of essential oils. The results demonstrated that among those 14 plant essential oils, R. officinalis oil, O. basilicum oil, C. cyminum oil and P. graveolens oil showed the remarkable behavior regulating functions on E. obliqua, with the potential to be developed as the components of the ‘push-pull’ strategy for control of this pest.

Screening, Identification and Inoculation Effect of Azotobacter from the Soils of Tea Garden

HAN Xiaoyang, LI Zhi, ZHANG Lixia, HUANG Xiaoqin

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 497-505. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.011

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By the experimental procedure of enrichment culture and microbial purification, 6 azotobacter strains were screened from the soil of tea garden in Shandong province. According to the activity comparison and taxonomy of strains, two different strains were screened. The strain GD 5 was preliminary identified as Azotobacter chrococcum, GD15 as Pseudomonas putida, on the basis of strain′s morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16 S rDNA sequencing method. The result showed that the optimum pH for GD5, GD15 is 7, the optimum temperature of two strains is 30℃. The GD5 showed the phosphate solubilizing power and auxin production ability, and the GD15 showed the auxin production activity only. Compared with the control, the dry weight of root, stem, leaf of tea plant inoculated with GD5 strain increased by 42%, 58%, 55% respectively. The nitrogen content of shoot and root of tea plant inoculated with GD5 strain increased 15% and 6%. It showed that the GD5 strain possessed a good developmental prospect.

Effect of Different Plucking Standards and Nitrogen Application Levels on the Spring Shoot Yield, Quality-related Chemical Compounds and N Utilization Efficiency of Tea Plants

ZHANG Zhenmei, SHI Yuanzhi, MA Lifeng, YI Xiaoyun, RUAN Jianyun

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 506-514. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.012

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To explore nitrogen absorption and utilization by tea plant, micro-plot ¹⁵N labeling was carried out during 2012-2013 on a field experiment established in 2008 investigating interaction of plucking standards and N fertilization. Yield and quality related chemical compounds of spring tea shoots and¹⁵N parameters (N uptake and N derived from fertilizer) were measured under two plucking standards (one bud with one expanding leaf and one bud with three expanding leaves) and two N fertilization levels (200 and 450 kg·hm^-2). The results showed that spring tea yields were mainly affected by plucking standards, being 1.8 to 2.1 times larger for standard of one bud and three leaves than for that of one bud and one leaf. Nitrogen fertilization levels had no significant effects on tea yields. The effects of plucking standards on the concentrations of quality related compounds such as amino acid, and especially the theanine, were greater than those of N levels. The contents of free amino acids in one bud and one leaf of plants supplied with N at 450 kg·hm^-2 were the highest among the four treatments. Nitrogen concentrations in mature leaves decreased while Ndff increased through the period from winter dormancy (sampled on 17 December) to the end of spring tea season (on 24 April), Ndff in the young shoots was affected by N levels much greater than by plucking standards through the spring tea season. The recovery rate of ¹⁵N in young shoots under low N level was the highest among the four treatments. The overall results indicated that N absorption was influenced by plucking standards and the N levels while N demand by plants subjected variable plucking standards was satisfied by the two N levels.

Construction of DNA Fingerprints in Fenghuang Dancong Tea of Different Cultivars (or Lines)

MA Ruijun, MEI Hongjuan, ZHUANG Donghong, YANG Peikui, WU Qinghan

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 515-524. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.013

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The aim of this study is to quickly and accurately identify different cultivars (or lines) of Fenghuang Dancong tea in which would construct a DNA fingerprint in different cultivars (or lines) of Fenghuang Dancong tea based on ISSR molecular marker. Firstly, 58 ISSR primers were screened with 4 cultivars, indicating 12 of which are polymorphic. After screening the optimal annealing temperature, 12 ISSR primers were used to amplify 39 Fenghuang Dancong tea resources. The results showed that by using 6 reliable ISSR primers, 84 DNA fragments, among which 78 DNA bands were polymorphic, of all 39 tea accessions were amplified. And the polymorphic proportion of DNA bands (PPB) was 92.86%, including the primer UBC843 with the richest polymorphic, and the average number of DNA bands amplified by each primer was 14. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.9456, and the genetic similarity coefficient of the 39 accessions ranged from 0.4063 to 0.9836. In order to identify all 39 accessions, it indicated that the combination efficiency of UBC827/UBC846 was the highest by making combination of the 6 core ISSR primers. By connecting the name of cultivars, the national area code, the sampling sites, the name of the highest efficient primer combination and the ISSR data code, the DNA fingerprint codes of 39 Fenghuang Dancong tea were built. And then, the relevant information of the sample such as its flavor type, altitude, ISSR-PCR amplified picture and so on, were all typed in the software to generate the two-dimensional code fingerprint. The construction of the DNA fingerprint in different cultivars (or lines) of Fenghuang Dancong tea could offer data support for the protection of the cultivars rights and interests.

Interspecific Difference and Geographic Variance in Leaf Trait of Fenghuang Dancong Tea Cultivars in Eastern Guangdong Province

WANG Juhong, ZHUANG Donghong, MA Ruijun, WU Zerong

Journal of Tea Science. 2014, 34(5): 525-530. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.05.014

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Leaf traits are basic and important characters in the ecological strategies of plants. In this paper, leaf traits including leaf vein, serration of leaf margin, index of leaf shape, chlorophyll content, leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA) of 50 Fenghuang Dancong tea cultivars in eastern Guangdong were investigated, and while geographic variance in leaf trait of 12 tea cultivars from three altitudes were detected to provide basic information for cultivation of Fenghuang Dancong tea. The results showed that the leaf shape was from ovate to long ovate (index of leaf shape is 1.99~3.16), mean chlorophyll content was 64.348(SPAD data), mean leaf area was 24.237 cm², mean leaf dry matter content was 40.65%, and specific leaf area was 80.947 cm²·g^-1. The coefficients of variation of leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll content, leaf shape, and leaf dry matter content were 21.12%, 18.3%, 10.4%, 9.8%, and 5.9% respectively. There was a tendency that LA, SLA and chlorophyll content of leaf of Fenghuang Dancong tea cultivars increased, and LDMC of leaf decreased with increasing of altitude. It indicated that he altitude of planting region may have a significant influence on leaf traits of Fenghuang Dancong tea cultivars.

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