毛竹立竹密度对林下茶树生理生长和茶叶品质的影响

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究茶树在不同立竹密度条件下生理生长的适应性机制,以浙江省莫干山地区的毛竹-茶树混交林为研究对象,设置T1、T2、T3等3个处理,立竹密度分别为1 200、1 800、2 400株·hm^-2,并以3 000~3 300株·hm^-2为对照（CK）,培育2年后统计茶叶产量,测定茶树根、茎、叶生物量以及氮、磷、非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）的含量,分析根系形态、分布和构型,检测茶叶中氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶多酚等品质指标。结果表明,与CK相比,T2和T3处理茶叶产量显著分别提高15.96%和18.80%,茶树叶片、侧根的生物量增加,茶树叶片中氮、磷和NSC含量显著上升。T1、T2和T3处理显著增加了茶树0~20 cm土层侧根的根长、根表面积、比根长、>0~1 mm径阶的根长比例,降低了0~20 cm土层侧根的平均直径和粗根（直径>2 mm）的根长比例,增加了侧根中的可溶性糖和淀粉含量,降低了整株根系的拓扑指数,提高了根系根尖数和分形维数。T1和T2处理显著提高了茶叶中氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶多酚以及水浸出物含量,降低了酚氨比。结果说明,通过合理的立竹密度调控可有效促进茶树的生长,提高茶叶的产量和品质。茶树通过提升氮、磷和NSC在叶片和侧根的含量,定向促进叶片和侧根的生长;通过增加细根比例,降低根系建设成本,增强根系分支强度,促进根系对表层土壤空间的侵占,以适应林下适度的郁闭条件和种间竞争强度。研究结果可为竹-茶管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 茶树, 毛竹, 林下经济, 生理生长, 茶叶品质

Abstract: To explore the adaptive mechanism of physiological growth of tea plants under different bamboo density conditions, three treatments, namely T1, T2 and T3, were set in the natural mixed forest of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] in the Mogan mountain area of Zhejiang Province, with bamboo densities of 1 200 plants·hm^-2, 1 800 plants·hm^-2 and 2 400 plants·hm^-2, respectively, and 3 000~3 300 plants·hm^-2 as the control (CK). Tea yield was evaluated, nitrogen, phosphorus, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and biomass distribution of tea tree were determined, root morphology, distribution and architecture were analyzed, and quality indicators of tea such as amino acids, theanine and tea polyphenols were tested after 2 years of cultivation. The results show that (1) compared to CK, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased tea yield by 15.96% and 18.8%, respectively, increased biomass of leaves and lateral roots, and increased the nitrogen, phosphorus and NSC contents in leaves, (2) T1, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the root length, root surface area and root length ratio of the >0-1 mm diameter grade in 0-20 cm soil layer, reduced root diameter and root length ratio of thick roots (diameter>2 mm) in 0-20 cm soil layer, increased the contents of starch and soluble sugars in lateral roots, reduced the topological index of the whole root system and increased the root tips and root fractal dimension, (3) T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the contents of amino acids, caffeine and tea polyphenols and water extract, and reduced the polyphenols-amino acid ratio. In conclusion, reasonable control of bamboo density can promote the growth of tea plants and improve the tea yield effectively. Tea plants promote the growth of leaves and lateral roots by increasing nitrogen, phosphorus and non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in leaves and lateral roots and promote root encroachment of surface soil space by increasing the proportion of fine roots, enhancing the root branch strength, reducing the cost of root construction to accommodate moderate closure conditions and interspecific competition strength. The conclusion can provide scientific basis for the management of innovation mode of tea plants under the moso bamboo forest.

Key words: tea plant, moso bamboo, under-forest economy, physiological growth, tea quality

中图分类号:

S571.1
S326

赵建诚, 倪惠菁, 王波, 蔡春菊, 杨振亚. 毛竹立竹密度对林下茶树生理生长和茶叶品质的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(6): 928-940. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.003.

ZHAO Jiancheng, NI Huijing, WANG Bo, CAI Chunju, YANG Zhenya. Effect of Bamboo Density on the Physiological Growth and Tea Quality of Tea Plants under the Moso Bamboo Forest[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(6): 928-940. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.003.

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