贵州桐梓古茶树不同单株茶籽的生物学特性比较与内生细菌多样性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 古茶树茶籽是宝贵的天然种质资源与基因库,对丰富茶树种质资源及维持遗传多样性至关重要。为探究其特性,以贵州桐梓县8株古茶树（TZ-1~TZ-8）和1株本地栽培茶树（TZ-9）的茶籽为材料,系统比较其生物学特性（形态、百粒质量、吸水率、容重、发芽率及茶皂素含量）,并基于高通量测序分析内生细菌多样性。结果表明,古茶树茶籽生物学特性差异显著,TZ-3百粒质量（269.52 g）最大,TZ-1最小;栽培品种TZ-9吸水率（32%）和发芽率相对较高（85%）,古茶树中TZ-6发芽率最高（76%）,TZ-2最低（11.67%）;古茶树茶皂素含量为21.00%~49.91%,TZ-3、TZ-4等单株含量超过40%。内生细菌分析共检测出1 141个操作分类单元（Operational taxonomic unit,OTU）,覆盖26个细菌门。其中,TZ-3菌群平均丰富度最高（OTU=185）,TZ-2最低（OTU=46）;PCoA/NMDS分析显示,不同单株之间的内生菌群落结构存在显著差异,且与茶籽来源（古茶树/栽培茶树）无关。相关性分析表明,浮霉菌门（Planctomycetota）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）等菌的丰度与种子直径、百粒质量及茶皂素含量呈正相关（P<0.05）,脱硫杆菌门（Desulfobacterota）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）等菌与吸水率呈负相关。研究初步阐明了古茶树茶籽生物学特性与内生菌群间的关联,为茶树种质资源保护与创新利用提供了重要理论依据。

关键词: 古茶树, 茶籽, 生物学特性, 高通量测序, 内生细菌

Abstract: The seeds of ancient tea plants represent valuable natural genetic resources and gene pools, playing a crucial role in enriching tea plant genetic resources and maintaining genetic diversity. To investigate their characteristics, this study utilized seeds from 8 ancient tea plants (designated TZ-1 to TZ-8) and a locally cultivated tea plant (TZ-9) in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province, China. We systematically compared their biological properties, including morphology, 100-grain weight, water absorption rate, bulk density, germination rate, and tea saponin content. Additionally, we analyzed the endophytic bacterial diversity using high-throughput sequencing. The results reveal significant variations in the biological properties among the ancient tea seeds. Specifically, TZ-3 exhibited the highest 100-grain weight (269.52 g), while TZ-1 had the smallest values in these traits. The cultivated variety TZ-9 has the highest relative water absorption rate (32%) and germination rate (85%). Among the ancient tea plants, TZ-6 had the highest germination rate (76%), and TZ-2 had the lowest (11.67%). The tea saponin content varied from 21.00% to 49.91% among the ancient tea plants, with TZ-3 and TZ-4 exceeding 40%. The analysis of endophytic bacteria detects a total of 1 141 OTUs, covering 26 bacterial phyla. Among them, the richness of the TZ-3 community was the highest (OTU=185), and TZ-2 was the lowest (OTU=46). PCoA/NMDS analysis shows that the community structures of TZ-2, TZ-3, and TZ-8 were significantly separated, and this separation was independent of the ecological type (ancient/cultivated plants). Correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of genera such as Planctomycetota and Firmicutes was positively correlated with seed diameter, 100-grain weight, and tea saponin content (P<0.05), while Desulfobacterota and Bacteroidota were negatively correlated with water absorption rate. This study initially elucidated the association between the biological characteristics of ancient tea seeds and their endophytic bacterial communities, offering a theoretical foundation for the conservation and innovative utilization of tea germplasm resources.

Key words: ancient tea plants, tea seeds, biological characteristics, high-throughput sequencing, endophytic bacteria

中图分类号:

S571.1
TS272

鲁力, 石尹, 汪艳霞, 黄小贞. 贵州桐梓古茶树不同单株茶籽的生物学特性比较与内生细菌多样性分析[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025, 45(6): 943-956.

LU Li, SHI Yin, WANG Yanxia, HUANG Xiaozhen. Comparative Analysis of Seed Biological Characteristics and Endophytic Bacterial Diversity among Different Individual Plants of Ancient Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) in Tongzi, Guizhou[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2025, 45(6): 943-956.

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