四川3个特色茶树品种芽叶性状及光合特性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确峨眉问春、川茶2号、紫嫣等3个四川特色品种的光合性能和生产潜力,本研究以常绿品种福鼎大白茶和紫化品种紫娟为对照,考察了3个品种春夏梢叶片的光合指标、叶绿素荧光、光合色素含量以及芽叶性状。结果表明,川茶2号的春、夏季的叶片净光合速率（P_n）和水分利用率（WUE）较高;其ΦPSⅡ原初光能转化效率（F_v/F_m）和潜在活性（F_v/F₀）最高,光化学猝灭系数（qP）、光系统ΦPSⅡ能量分配中光化学反应的相对份额（P）和反应中心耗散的相对份额（E_X）及类胡萝卜素含量较高。峨眉问春的春季P_n和WUE最高;但夏季P_n较低,其ΦPSⅡ原初光能转化效率（F_v/F_m）和潜在活性（F_v/F₀）最低,光合电子传递速率（ΦPSⅡ有效光化学效率F_v'/F_m'及ΦPSⅡ实际光合能力PhiPS2）最慢。紫嫣的春、夏季ΦPSⅡ有效光化学效率（F_v'/F_m'）最高,P_n及光合色素含量较高。与春季相比,各品种的夏季蒸腾速率（T_r）和气孔限制值（L_s）升高,而WUE和胞间二氧化碳浓度（C_i）降低。产量方面,川茶2号的产量显著高于其他品种,峨眉问春的产量与福鼎大白茶的差异不显著,紫嫣则显著低于福鼎大白茶（P<0.05）。可见,川茶2号的光合效率和水分利用效率较高,其产量最高;峨眉问春的春季光合能力和水分利用率较高,但夏季较低,其产量较高;紫嫣的光合色素及光合能力较高,但产量较低。

关键词: 茶树品种, 芽叶性状, 产量, 光合特性, 叶绿素荧光

Abstract: In order to ascertain the photosynthetic performance and production potential of tea plants, three characteristic cultivars in Sichuan, including ‘Emeiwenchun', ‘Chuancha 2' and ‘Ziyan', were used as test materials, and the green leaf cultivar ‘Fudingdabaicha' and purple cultivar ‘Zijuan' were used as control. The photosynthetic index, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigment content and bud and leaf characteristics of these cultivars in spring and summer were determined. The results show that in spring and summer, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the leaves of ‘Chuancha 2' were higher. Its ΦPSⅡ primary light energy conversion efficiency (F_v/F_m) and potential activity (F_v/F₀) were the highest. The photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), the relative share of the photochemical reaction (P) in the energy distribution of the photosystem ΦPSⅡ, the relative share of the reaction center dissipation (E_X) and the carotenoid content of ‘Chuancha 2' were also higher. ‘Emeiwenchun' had the highest P_n and WUE in spring, but low P_n in summer. Its ΦPSⅡ primary light energy conversion efficiency (F_v/F_m) and potential activity (Fv/F₀) were the lowest. The ΦPSⅡ effective photochemical efficiency (F_v'/F_m' ) and ΦPSⅡ actual photosynthetic capacity (PhiPS2) of ‘Emeiwenchun' were the slowest. The effective photochemical efficiency (F_v'/F_m') of ΦPSⅡ of ‘Ziyan' was the highest in spring and summer, and its Pn and photosynthetic pigment contents were higher. Compared with the data in spring, the summer transpiration rate (T_r) and stomatal limit value (L_s) were increased, while WUE and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) were decreased in all cultivars. In terms of yield, the yield of ‘Chuancha 2' was significantly higher than those of other cultivars. The yield of ‘Emeiwenchun' was not significantly different from that of ‘Fudingdabaicha', and that of ‘Ziyan' was significantly lower than that of ‘Fudingdabaicha' (P<0.05). It was found that ‘Chuancha 2' had higher photosynthetic efficiency and WUE, and its yield was the highest. ‘Emeiwenchun' had relatively higher yield, photosynthetic capacity and WUE in spring, but lower in summer. The purple cultivar ‘Ziyan' had higher photosynthetic pigment and photosynthetic capacity, but lower yield.

Key words: tea cultivars, bud and leaf traits, yield, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence

中图分类号:

S571.1

谢文钢, 陈玮, 谭礼强, 颜麟沣, 唐茜. 四川3个特色茶树品种芽叶性状及光合特性分析[J]. 茶叶科学, 2021, 41(6): 813-822.

XIE Wengang, CHEN Wei, TAN Liqiang, YAN Linfeng, TANG Qian. Analysis of Bud and Leaf Characters and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Tea Cultivars in Sichuan[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2021, 41(6): 813-822.

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