基于茶树种植和光伏发电的茶光互补模式研究

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究茶光互补模式对茶树生长环境、产量以及效益的影响,以露天茶园为对照,分析了茶光互补模式茶园（光伏茶园）的微环境变化,检测了茶树幼芽萌发生长、光合速率、鲜叶产量等指标,模拟了计算光伏发电量,分析了茶园整体经济效益。结果表明,光伏茶园茶树冠层受到的光合有效辐射低于露天茶园,春季夜间光伏茶园茶树冠层平均最低温度比露天茶园高0.63 ℃;夏季日间平均最高温度比露天茶园低1.80 ℃;光伏茶园茶树冠层平均空气相对湿度较露天茶园高。与露天茶园比较,光伏茶园的茶树幼芽萌发生长更快,光照辐射的利用效率更高,在不同采摘期的单产高9.74%~28.84%。整个茶园的产量因光伏组件搭建占地原因,总产量降低23.11%~34.16%。包含发电收益的光伏茶园每公顷的年收益为60.30万元,而露天茶园的年收益为22.49万元。考虑到光伏组件搭建一次性投入成本374.03万元,9 a后光伏茶园的总收益将超过露天茶园。研究结果对我国南方茶光互补农业模式的应用推广有一定的指导借鉴意义。

关键词: 光伏茶园, 光合作用, 产量, 光伏发电

Abstract: To explore the effects of tea light complementary mode on the growth environment, yield performance and economic benefits, the microclimate environment such as temperature, humidity and light in the tea garden-PV complementary model was analyzed in this study with the open-air tea garden as a control. Indicators such as tea bud germination and growth, photosynthetic rate, and fresh leaf yield were detected, and the photovoltaic power generation was simulated and calculated. The overall economic benefits of the tea garden were analyzed. The results show that the photosynthetically active radiation of the tea canopy in photovoltaic tea gardens was lower than that in open-air tea gardens. The average minimum temperature of tea canopy in photovoltaic tea gardens at night in spring (March) was 0.63 ℃ higher than that in open-air tea gardens, and the average maximum temperature in daytime in summer (July) was 1.80 ℃lower than that in open-air tea gardens. The average relative humidity of tea canopy in photovoltaic tea gardens was higher than that in open-air tea gardens. The tea buds in photovoltaic tea gardens germinated and grew faster, and the utilization efficiency of light radiation was higher. The yield per unit area of the picking area in different harvesting seasons was 9.74%-28.84% higher than that of the open-air tea gardens. The overall output of the tea garden decreased by 23.11% to 34.16% due to the occupation of land for the construction of photovoltaic modules. The annual income of photovoltaic tea gardens, including power generation revenue, was 6.030×10⁵ CNY per hectare, while the annual income of open-air tea gardens was 2.249×10⁵ CNY. Considering the one-time investment cost of 3.740 3 million CNY for building photovoltaic modules, the total revenue of photovoltaic tea gardens will exceed that of open-air tea gardens after 9 years. This study has certain guiding and referential significance for the application and promotion of the tea-light complementary agricultural model in southern China.

Key words: photovoltaic tea garden, photosynthesis, yield, photovoltaic power generation

中图分类号:

S571.1
TS272

孟超, 梁涛, 张霞, 王万红, 董煌林, 李明. 基于茶树种植和光伏发电的茶光互补模式研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025, 45(5): 898-908. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.001.

MENG Chao, LIANG Tao, ZHANG Xia, WANG Wanhong, DONG Huanglin, LI Ming. Research on Tea Light Complementary Mode Based on Tea Planting and Photovoltaic Power Generation[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2025, 45(5): 898-908. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.001.

参考文献

[1] Goetzberger A, Zastrow A.On the coexistence of solar-energy conversion and plant cultivation[J]. International Journal of Solar Energy, 1982, 1(1): 55-69.
[2] Cossu M, Murgia L, Ledda L, et al.Solar radiation distribution inside a greenhouse with south-oriented photovoltaic roofs and effects on crop productivity[J]. Applied Energy, 2014, 133(15): 89-100.
[3] Cantagallo J E, Medan D, Hall A.Grain number in sunflower as affected by shading during floret growth, anthesis and grain setting[J]. Field Crops Research, 2004, 85(2/3): 191-202.
[4] Worku W, Skjelvg A O, Gislerd H R.Responses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to photosynthetic irradiance levels during three phenological phases[J]. Agronomie, 2004, 24(5): 267-274.
[5] Kitaya Y, Niu G, Kozai T, et al.Photosynthetic photon flux, photoperiod, and CO₂ concentration affect growth and morphology of lettuce plug transplants[J]. HortScience, 1998, 33(6): 988-991.
[6] Marrou H, Wery J, Dufour L, et al.Productivity and radiation use efficiency of lettuces grown in the partial shade of photovoltaic panels[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2013, 44(2): 54-66.
[7] 肖润林, 王久荣, 单武雄, 等. 不同遮荫水平对茶树光合环境及茶叶品质的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2007, 15(6): 6-11.
Xiao R L, Wang J R, Shan W X, et al.Tea plantation envirnment and quality under different degrees of shading[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2007, 15(6): 6-11.
[8] 肖润林, 王久荣, 陈正法, 等. 亚热带丘陵山地茶园面临的生态问题与对策[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2004(5): 360-363.
Xiao R L, Wang J R, Chen Z F, et al.Ecological tea plantations and tea safety hi-efficiency production in the subtropical hill region of China[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2004(5): 360-363.
[9] 张文锦, 林春莲, 熊明民. 茶树遮荫效应研究进展[J]. 福建农业学报, 2007, 22(4): 457-460.
Zhang W J, Lin C L, Xiong M M.Research progress in shading effeciency for tea plants[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2007, 22(4): 457-460.
[10] 陶汉之. 茶树光合日变化的研究[J]. 作物学报, 1991(6): 444-452.
Tao H Z, Studies on the diurnal variations of the photosynthesis of tea plant(Camellia sinensis)[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1991(6): 444-452.
[11] 章铁, 刘秀清. 栗茶间作模式对茶树光合特性的影响[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2007(2): 244-247.
Zhang T, Liu X Q.Effects of intercropping pattern of Chinese chestnut with tea on photosynthetic characteristics in tea bushes[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2007(2): 244-247.
[12] 陈佩. 茶园遮光效应及其对茶树光合作用和茶叶品质成分的影响[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2010.
Chen P.Shading effects and influences on photosynthesis and quality component of tea in tea plantation [D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2010.
[13] 张文锦, 梁月荣, 张方舟, 等. 覆盖遮荫对乌龙茶产量、品质的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2004, 24(4): 276-282.
Zhang W J, Liang Y R, Zhang F Z, et al.Effects on the yield and quality of oolong tea by covering with shading net[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2004, 24(4): 276-282.
[14] 张文锦, 梁月荣, 张方舟, 等. 夏暑乌龙茶覆盖遮荫效应及其对产量、品质的影响研究概况[J]. 茶叶科学技术, 2006(4): 1-5.
Zhang W J, Liang Y R, Zhang F Z, et al.Research on the shading effect of summer oolong tea and its impact on yield and quality[J]. Acta Tea Sinica, 2006(4): 1-5.
[15] 余海云, 石元值, 马立锋, 等. 茶树树冠不同冠层叶片光合作用特性的研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2013, 33(6): 505-511.
Yu H Y, Shi Y Z, Ma L F, et al.Leaf photosynthetic traits at different canopies of tea plants[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2013, 33(6): 505-511.
[16] 蔡卓彧. 光伏茶园茶树生长与光合特性研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2020.
Cai Z Y.Study on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of tea plants in photovoltaic tea field [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2020.
[17] 王加真, 张昕昱, 金星, 等. 可用于光伏农业的反射滤光膜对贵州茶叶品质的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2019, 32(10): 2319-2323.
Wang J Z, Zhang X Y, Jin X, et al.Effects of optical filter used in photovoltaic agriculture on guizhou tea quality[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 32(10): 2319-2323.
[18] Im H J, Na C S, Song C H, et al.Effect of light-emitting diodes on photosynthesis and growth of in vitro propagation in tea tree (Camellia sinensis L.)[J]. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science, 2019, 53(6): 13-21.
[19] 蒋欢. 基于数值模拟的光伏茶园光环境分析[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2018.
Jiang H.Analysis of lighting environment of photovoltaic tea garden based on numerical simulation [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2018.
[20] 王驰中, 高鑫, 陈衡, 等. 中国各地区光伏发电平价上网成本效益综合分析[J]. 可再生能源, 2024, 42(10): 1295-1301.
Wang C Z, Gao X, Chen H, et al.Comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of photovoltaic power grid parity in various regions of China[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024, 42(10): 1295-1301.
[21] 林佳鸿. 基于固定和跟踪支架光伏发电系统的杭州光伏茶园微气候试验研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2020.
Lin J H.Research on the field microclimate of photovoltaic tea gardens based on fixed and tracking solar PV systems in Hangzhou [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2020.
[22] Gong W, Zhang L, Gong J H, et al.Regulatory effect of agriphotovoltaic systems with different panel heights on the thermal environment[J]. Scientific Reports, 2025, 15(1): 11196. doi: 10. 1038/s41598-025-96166-5.