茶树茎叶并联变异差异表达基因的WGCNA分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 茶树茎叶并联突变是一种新型变异,是开发芽头茶、特异性茶产品以及食用观赏两用茶的优质材料。因此,研究茶树产生并联变异的原因,挖掘其关键控制基因,可为当前茶树育种多元化的需求提供新的靶点。以发生并联变异的茶树茎叶为研究材料,以正常茎叶为对照,采用石蜡切片的方法进行组织结构观察,并利用转录组测序技术、加权基因共表达网络分析（Weighted gene co-expression network analysis,WGCNA）技术,挖掘茶树发生茎叶并联现象的关键控制基因。组织结构观察结果表明,并联变异除了可以增加茶叶芽头数量,提高产量以外,还可有效增加茶树茎叶导管面积和导管数量,提升茶树光合能力及抗逆性。转录组测序研究发现,差异基因主要富集在ABC转运蛋白和植物与病原体相互作用两个通路上,分析挖掘关键基因9个。WGCNA共鉴定到26个共表达模块,挖掘性状相关特异性模块2个,筛选核心基因8个。这17个关键控制基因通过3种形式进行调控：ABCB（ATP binding cassette subfamily B）和ABCC（ATP binding cassette subfamily C）家族、RAC3（RAC family small GTPase3）、FKBP（FK506-binding proteins）主要通过参与生长素、细胞分裂素等途径调控茶树新梢细胞分裂、分化;ABCG34（ATP binding cassette subfamily G34）、CDPK2（Calcium-dependent protein kina2）、KCS2（β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase2）、LAC11（Laccase11）、EP1（Epidermis-specific secreted glycoprotein1）、LTP（Lipid transfer protei)）等基因介导参与了茶树细胞壁中的纤维素、木质素、果胶等的生物合成,通过调控细胞壁的合成及延展方向等调节细胞形态发生,从而实现茶树茎、叶脉的并联分化;二甲基甲萘醌甲基转移酶以及组蛋白-赖氨酸N-甲基转移酶则通过DNA甲基化调控基因表达,最终导致茶树茎叶并联这一表观形态的发生。

关键词: 茶树, 茎叶并联, 转录组, WGCNA, 关键基因

Abstract: The parallel mutation of tea stems and leaves is a new type of mutation, which is a high-quality material for developing bud tea, special tea products and edible and ornamental tea. Therefore, studying the causes of parallel variation in tea plants and mining its key control genes can provide new targets for the current diversified needs of tea breeding. In this study, the mutant stems and leaves were used as the research materials, and the normal stems and leaves were used as the control. The paraffin section method was used to observe the tissue structure, and the transcriptome sequencing technology and WGCNA analysis technology were used to excavate the key genes of the parallel phenomenon of stems and leaves in tea plants. The observation results of tissue structure show that parallel variation could not only increase the number of tea buds and yield, but also effectively increase the area and number of vessels in stems and leaves of tea plants, and improve the photosynthetic capacity and stress resistance of tea plants. The transcriptome sequencing study shows that the differential genes were mainly enriched in the two pathways: ABC transporters and plant-pathogen interaction, and 9 key genes were analyzed and mined. A total of 26 co-expression modules were identified by WGCNA, two trait-related specific modules were mined, and 8 core genes were screened. These 17 key genes are regulated in three forms: ABCB (ATP binding cassette subfamily B) and ABCC (ATP binding cassette subfamily C) families, RAC3 (RAC family small GTPase3), and FKBP (FK506-binding proteins). These genes are mainly involved in auxin and cell division. Genes such as ABCG34 (ATP binding cassette subfamily G34), CDPK2 (Calcium-dependent protein kina2), KCS2 (β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase2), LAC11 (Laccase11), EP1 (Epidermis-specific secreted glycoprotein1) and LTP (Lipid transfer protein) are involved in the biosynthesis of cellulose, lignin and pectin in the cell wall of tea plants, and regulate cell morphogenesis by regulating the synthesis and extension direction of cell wall, so as to realize the parallel differentiation of tea stems and leaf veins. Dimethylmenaquinone methyltransferase and histone-lysine N-methyltransferase regulate gene expression through DNA methylation, which eventually leads to the occurrence of the apparent morphology of parallel connection between tea stems and leaves.

Key words: tea plant, parallel variation in stem and leaf, transcriptome, WGCNA, key genes

中图分类号:

翟秀明, 李解, 肖富良, 唐敏, 曾乐武, 侯渝嘉, 汤燚. 茶树茎叶并联变异差异表达基因的WGCNA分析[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025, 45(3): 402-414.

ZHAI Xiuming, LI Jie, XIAO Fuliang, TANG Min, ZENG Lewu, HOU Yujia, TANG Yi. WGCNA Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes between Parallel Variation and Normal Tea Stems and Leaves[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2025, 45(3): 402-414.

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