茶树氮代谢基因：环境胁迫适应机制与育种应用研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氮代谢基因在茶树应对多种环境胁迫中起着关键作用,主要通过调控不同通路中的代谢物质来应对环境胁迫。近年来,采用转录组与代谢组联合分析、基因组鉴定等技术手段对茶树氮代谢基因开展了系列研究,取得了重要进展,但仍存在很多科学问题急需解决,如茶树遗传转化效率过低、对基因研究仍停留在转录组表观调控水平,以及在生产中将基因与育种结合的应用较少等。系统总结了茶树氮代谢基因在不同胁迫条件、不同器官、不同土壤元素中的表达模式,以及不同胁迫对茶树碳氮平衡调控机制的研究进展,揭示了这些基因在茶树胁迫适应和品质提升中的重要性。此外,对茶树的氮代谢基因研究方法、转基因技术及其育种应用等方面进行展望,以期为茶树的氮代谢基因调控机制研究以及育种研究提供参考。

关键词: 茶树, 氮代谢, 胁迫, 基因表达, 研究进展

Abstract: Nitrogen metabolism genes play a key role in tea plants′ response to various environmental stresses. They do this mainly by regulating metabolites in different pathways. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of nitrogen metabolism genes in tea plants using techniques such as transcriptome and metabolome analysis, genome identification. However, there are still many scientific problems that need to be solved urgently, such as the low genetic transformation efficiency of tea plants, the limited research on gene epigenetics, and the limited application of gene breeding in production. This article systematically summarized the expression patterns of nitrogen metabolism genes in tea plants under different stress conditions, organs, and soil elements, as well as the research progress on the regulation mechanism of carbon and nitrogen balance in tea plants under different stresses, revealing the importance of these genes in tea plant stress adaptation and quality improvement. In addition, the research methods, transgenic technology, and breeding applications of nitrogen metabolism genes in tea plants were discussed in order to provide reference for the study of nitrogen metabolism gene regulation mechanisms and breeding research in tea plants.

Key words: tea plant, nitrogen metabolism, stress, gene expression, research progress

中图分类号:

S571.1
TS272

周逸德, 陈家霖, 吴俊梅, 赵竑博, 孙彬妹, 刘少群, 郑鹏. 茶树氮代谢基因：环境胁迫适应机制与育种应用研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025, 45(4): 545-558.

ZHOU Yide, CHEN Jialin, WU Junmei, ZHAO Hongbo, SUN Binmei, LIU Shaoqun, ZHENG Peng. Nitrogen Metabolism Genes in Tea Plant: Research Progress on the Environmental Stress Adaptation Mechanism and Breeding Application[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2025, 45(4): 545-558.

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