茶叶中生物碱类化学成分及其生物活性的研究进展

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物碱是一类具有化学多样性的含氮次级代谢产物,广泛分布于高等植物、真菌和细菌中。多数天然生物碱具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等生物活性。综述了茶叶中已鉴定的生物碱类群并简要分析其生物活性,包括嘌呤类生物碱通过拮抗腺苷受体调控神经兴奋作用、抑制磷酸二酯酶调控代谢功能及抗炎等生物活性,黄烷类生物碱预防糖尿病、抑制癌细胞血管生成等功效,异戊烯基吲哚类生物碱在抗炎、抑制癌细胞生长、保护神经细胞等方面的作用机制,并对未来茶叶生物碱的鉴定、合成及功能性评价体系构建作了展望。

关键词: 茶叶, 嘌呤生物碱, 黄烷生物碱, 生物活性, 健康功效

Abstract: Alkaloids, as a class of nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites characterized by remarkable chemical diversity, are widely distributed in higher plants, fungi, and bacteria. Most natural alkaloids possess biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. This review comprehensively summarized the identified alkaloid groups in tea and briefly analyzed their biological activities, including: (1) purine alkaloids, which regulate neural excitability by antagonizing adenosine receptors and inhibiting phosphodiesterase to regulate metabolic functions, exhibit anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities. (2) flavor alkaloids have effects in preventing diabetes and inhibiting cancer cell angiogenesis. (3) the mechanisms by which prenylated indole alkaloids exert anti-inflammatory effects, inhibit cancer cell growth and exert neuro-protective effects. Finally, the future research directions focusing on the identification, appraisal, synthesis and functional evaluation systems of tea alkaloids were proposed.

Key words: tea, purine alkaloids, flavor alkaloids, biological activities, health effects

中图分类号:

汤海昆, 张兰军, 张盼盼, 刘本英. 茶叶中生物碱类化学成分及其生物活性的研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025, 45(5): 727-741. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.002.

TANG Haikun, ZHANG Lanjun, ZHANG Panpan, LIU Benying. Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Alkaloids in Tea[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2025, 45(5): 727-741. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.002.

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