灰茶尺蠖防治药剂筛选与安全性评价

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 灰茶尺蠖（Ectropis grisescens Warren）是我国茶园最主要的食叶害虫之一。茶园常用防治灰茶尺蠖的部分药剂的抗药性已经处于中高水平,为了筛选高效、安全的农药品种,丰富灰茶尺蠖防控的杀虫剂种类,选择了6种化学杀虫剂和3种生物杀虫剂,从害虫室内毒力测定、田间防治效果、天敌的安全性评价以及茶叶中的农药残留水平4个方面进行评估。灰茶尺蠖室内毒力测定结果显示,苦参碱、乙基多杀菌素、多杀霉素对灰茶尺蠖2龄幼虫具有良好的触杀效果,致死中浓度（Median lethal concentration,LC₅₀）分别为3.54、4.12、9.68 mg·L^-1;在胃毒试验中,多杀霉素、苦参碱、乙基多杀菌素、甲氧虫酰肼、虫螨腈、茚虫威对灰茶尺蠖2龄幼虫毒杀效果较为理想,LC₅₀分别为0.01、0.10、0.31、11.06、38.80、49.87 mg·L^-1。田间药效试验结果表明,乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈、多杀霉素、茚虫威对灰茶尺蠖幼虫具有良好的防治效果,其中乙基多杀菌素在施药1、3 d的防治效果均在90%以上,表现出良好的速效性;其余3种杀虫剂施药7 d防治效果均在80%以上,具有良好的持效性。灰茶尺蠖的捕食性天敌毒力测定显示,乙基多杀菌素、多杀霉素对捕食性天敌蠋蝽的LC₅₀分别为5.39、39.75 mg·L^-1,大于对灰茶尺蠖2龄幼虫的LC₅₀,在田间施用对天敌相对安全。农药残留分析结果显示,施药后7 d农药残留量仅茚虫威为0.30 mg·kg^-1,其余农药处理未检出,均符合国内最大残留限量标准（GB 2763—2021）。因此,乙基多杀菌素、多杀霉素是兼具高效、安全特点的农药,适宜在田间轮换使用,以更好地防治灰茶尺蠖。

关键词: 灰茶尺蠖, 室内毒力, 田间防治效果, 安全评价

Abstract: The tea geometrid (Ectropis grisescens Warren) is the most destructive defoliator in tea gardens in China. In recent years, E. grisescens has developed medium to high level resistance against common pesticides. To address this challenge, six chemical pesticides and three biological pesticides were selected and comprehensively evaluated from four aspects: laboratory toxicity assays, field evaluation, safety assessment for natural enemies, and pesticide residue analysis in tea leaves. The results of laboratory toxicity assays indicate that matrine (LC₅₀: 3.54 mg·L^-1), spinetoram (LC₅₀: 4.12 mg·L^-1), and spinosad (LC₅₀: 9.68 mg·L^-1) exhibited potent contact toxicity against the 2^nd instar larvae. In the stomach toxicity tests, spinosad (LC₅₀: 0.01 mg·L^-1), matrin (LC₅₀: 0.10 mg·L^-1), spinetoram (LC₅₀: 0.31 mg·L^-1), methoxyfenozide (LC₅₀: 11.06 mg·L^-1), chlorfenapyr (LC₅₀: 38.80 mg·L^-1), and indoxacarb (LC₅₀: 49.87 mg·L^-1) exerted relatively optimal stomach toxic effects on the 2^nd instar larvae. The subsequent field efficacy trials reveal that spinetoram, chlorfenapyr, spinosad, and indoxacarb all showed remarkable control effects on E. grisescens larvae. Spinetoram achieved a control efficacy over 90% after 1 and 3 days of application, highlighting its rapid and remarkable properties. For the other three pesticides, their control efficacy surpassed 80% on the 7^th day, indicating ideal long-term effectiveness. The toxicity assessment of natural enemies indicates that the LC₅₀ values of spinetoram (LC₅₀: 5.39 mg·L^-1), and spinosad (LC₅₀: 39.75 mg·L^-1) for Arma chinensis were higher than those for the 2^nd instar larvae. This finding suggests that using spinetoram and spinosad to control E. grisescens in the field poses relatively low risks to natural enemies. Finally, the results of pesticide residue analysis shows that only indoxacarb remained at 0.30 mg·kg^-1 after 7 days of application, and no other pesticide treatments were detected, all of which met the maximum residue limit standards in China (GB 2763—2021). In conclusion, spinetoram and spinosad, characterized by their high efficiency and safety, were appropriate for rotational use to control the Ectropis grisescens.

Key words: Ectropis grisescens, laboratory efficacy, field efficacy, safety evaluation

中图分类号:

孟祥飞, 赵莹婕, 蔡晓明, 边磊, 李兆群, 修春丽, 付楠霞, 吴梦涛, 杨梅, 王国昌, 罗宗秀. 灰茶尺蠖防治药剂筛选与安全性评价[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025, 45(6): 1055-1065.

MENG Xiangfei, ZHAO Yingjie, CAI Xiaoming, BIAN Lei, LI Zhaoqun, XIU Chunli, FU Nanxia, WU Mengtao, YANG Mei, WANG Guochang, LUO Zongxiu. Screening and Safety Evaluation of Pesticides for Ectropis grisescens[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2025, 45(6): 1055-1065.

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