Study on Bioavailability of Fluorine in Different Extracts of A Dark Tea

SU Dan; ZHANG Haojie; WEN Xiaoju; ZHANG Wei; YU Zhi; NI Dejiang; CHEN Yuqiong

PDF(959 KB)

Journal of Tea Science ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6) : 843-853.

Research Paper

Study on Bioavailability of Fluorine in Different Extracts of A Dark Tea

SU Dan, ZHANG Haojie, WEN Xiaoju, ZHANG Wei, YU Zhi, NI Dejiang, CHEN Yuqiong^*

Author information +

History +

Abstract

In this study, absorption, transportation and bioavailability of fluorine in different extracts of a dark tea were evaluated in the Caco-2 cell line model. The results show that the fluorine contents in different extracts of dark tea were significantly different. The fluorine content of the crude polysaccharide fraction (RTP) was the highest, which was 2.17 times that of the water extract (TE). Fluorine content in dialyzed polysaccharide (DTP) was significantly reduced, which was only 1/22 of the fluorine content in RTP and 1/10 of the fluorine content in TE. The forward and reverse transport of fluorine in cell model had time and dose effects, and increased with the increase of time and concentration. After the first 1 h treatment, the forward and reverse transport of fluorine in NaF was the highest, while that in DTP was the lowest, which were significantly different from other treatments. There was no significant difference between the TE and RTP treatments. The apparent permeability coefficient (P_app) decreased with the prolonging of treatment time. The P_app of fluorine in NaF was more than 1×10^-5 cm·s^-1 within 4 h, indicating its bioavailability was good. The P_app of fluorine in TE and RTP decreased to less than 1×10^-5 cm·s^-1 after 2 h of treatment, indicating its bioavailability was moderate. the P_app of fluorine in DTP was the smallest at all stages, and was less than 1×10^-5 cm·s^-1after 1 h of treatment, indicating its bioavailability was low. Fluorine in NaF, TE or DTP was mainly transported by passive diffusion within the tested concentration range, while fluorine in RTP had an active transport at a higher concentration. In conclusion, in the intestinal epitheliums model, the fluorine in the dark tea has lower bioavailability than that in NaF, and the binding form of the fluorine in the dark tea might affect its bioavailability.

Key words

bioavailability / Caco-2 / dark tea / fluoride / transport

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

SU Dan, ZHANG Haojie, WEN Xiaoju, ZHANG Wei, YU Zhi, NI Dejiang, CHEN Yuqiong. Study on Bioavailability of Fluorine in Different Extracts of A Dark Tea[J]. Journal of Tea Science. 2021, 41(6): 843-853

References

[1] Suyama E, Tamura T, Ozawa T, et al.Remineralization and acid resistance of enamel lesions after chewing gum containing fluoride extracted from green tea[J]. Australian Dental Journal, 2011, 56(4): 394-400.
[2] 王晓玲, 邵金凤. 氟化物的自然分布和在人体代谢及其生理作用[J]. 中国地方病防治杂志, 2002, 17(5): 314-316.
Wang X L, Shao J F.The natural distribution and metabolism of fluoride in human body and its physiological effects[J]. Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases, 2002, 17(5): 314-316.
[3] Cai H M, Peng C Y, Chen J, et al.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis of fluoride stress in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) leaves[J]. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2014, 158: 11-15.
[4] Gao H J, Zhang Z Z, Wan X C.Influences of charcoal and bamboo charcoal amendment on soil-fluoride fractions and bioaccumulation of fluoride in tea plants[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2012, 34(5): 551-562.
[5] Janiszewska J, Balcerzak M.Analytical problems with the evaluation of human exposure to fluorides from tea products[J]. Food Analytical Methods, 2013, 6(4): 1090-1098.
[6] Cai H M, Zhu X H, Peng C Y, et al.Critical factors determining fluoride concentration in tea leaves produced from Anhui province, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2016, 131: 14-21.
[7] 陈卓. 茶园土壤/茶叶体系中氟的环境地球化学特征及迁移规律[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2008: 8-9.
Chen Z.Study on translocation and geochemistry characteristics of fluoride in the tea garden soil/tea leaves system [D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2008: 8-9.
[8] 罗龙新, 吴小崇, 邓余良, 等. 云南普洱茶渥堆过程中生化成分的变化及其与品质形成的关系[J]. 茶叶科学, 1998, 18(1): 53-60.
Luo L X, Wu X C, Deng Y L, et al.Variations of main biochemical components and their relations to quality formation during pile-fermentation process of Yunnan Pu’er tea[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 1998, 18(1): 53-60.
[9] 吴桢. 普洱茶渥堆发酵过程中主要生化成分的变化[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2008: 1-4.
Wu Z.The variation of chemical component during the fermentation procedure of Pu’er tea [D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2008: 1-4.
[10] 李攀攀, 张豪杰, 黄鑫, 等. 茶叶中不同形态氟在大鼠体内的吸收代谢[J]. 中国食品学报, 2018, 18(7): 57-64.
Li P P, Zhang H J, Huang X, et al.Absorption and metabolism of different form fluorides of tea in rats[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 18(7): 57-64.
[11] Zhang Y H, Huang X, Liu S Y, et al.The forms of fluorine in tea and its bioaccessibility[J]. Fluoride, 2019, 52(3): 289-298.
[12] Gan L, Thakker D R.Applications of the Caco-2 model in the design and development of orally active drugs: elucidation of biochemical and physical barriers posed by the intestinal epithelium[J]. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1997, 23(1): 77-98.
[13] 曾宝, 王春玲, 吴安国, 等. Caco-2细胞模型的建立及其在中药吸收研究中的应用探讨[J]. 中药新药与临床药理, 2010, 21(6): 570-573.
Zeng B, Wang C L, Wu A G, et al.Establishment of Caco-2 cell model and exploration of its application to absorption of Chinese medicine[J]. Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacology, 2010, 21(6): 570-573.
[14] 倪德江, 陈玉琼, 谢笔钧, 等. 乌龙茶多糖OTPS 2-1的光谱特性, 形貌特征及热特性研究[J]. 高等学校化学学报, 2004, 25(12): 2263-2268.
Ni D J, Chen Y Q, Xie B J, et al.Spectrum, morphological and thermal characteristics of OTPS 2-1 in polysaccharides from Oolong tea[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities. 2004, 25(12): 2263-2268.
[15] 朱晓静, 房峰祥, 张月华, 等. 茶叶及茶多糖中氟测定前处理方法的比较研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2015, 35(2): 145-150.
Zhu X J, Fang F X, Zhang Y H, et al.Comparison on the pretreatment methods of tea and tea polysaccharides for determination of fluorine content[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2015, 35(2): 145-150.
[16] Ai Z Y, Liu S Y, Qu F F, et al.Effect of stereochemical configuration on the transport and metabolism of catechins from green tea across Caco-2 monolayers[J]. Molecules, 2019, 24(6): 1185. doi: org/10.3390/molecules24061185.
[17] Yee S.In vitro permeability across Caco-2 cells (colonic) can predict in vivo (small intestinal) absorption in man: fact or myth[J]. Pharmaceutical Research, 1997, 14(6): 763-766.
[18] Zhang R R, Li J Y, Cui X Y.Tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-hydroxytoluene in mice[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 739: 139862. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139862.
[19] Boyde C D, Cerklewski F L.Influence of type and level of dietary protein on fluoride bioavailability in the rat[J]. The Journal of Nutrition, 1987, 117(12): 2086-2090.
[20] 柴硕, 孙琪璐, 肖蕾, 等. 安化黑茶渥堆工艺及品质形成研究进展[J]. 茶叶通讯, 2015, 42(1): 7-10.
Chai S, Sun Q L, Xiao L, et al.Research progress on the piling fermentation and quality forming of Anhua dark tea[J]. Journal of Tea Communication, 2015, 42(1): 7-10.
[21] 周红杰, 李家华, 赵龙飞, 等. 渥堆过程中主要微生物对云南普洱茶品质形成的研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2004, 24(3): 212-218.
Zhou H J, Li J H, Zhao L F, et al.Study on main microbes on quality formation of Yunnan Pu’er tea during pile-fermentation process[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2004, 24(3): 212-218.
[22] 张亚, 黄亚亚, 梁艳, 等. 黑茶渥堆工艺研究进展[J]. 食品与机械, 2017, 33(3): 216-220.
Zhang Y, Huang Y Y, Liang Y, et al.Research progress on pile-fermentation of dark tea[J]. Food & Machinery, 2017, 33(3): 216-220.
[23] 王茹茹, 肖孟超, 李大祥, 等. 黑茶品质特征及其健康功效研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学, 2018, 38(2): 113-124.
Wang R R, Xiao M C, Li D X, et al.Recent advance on quality characteristics and health effects of dark tea[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2018, 38(2): 113-124.
[24] Chen X, Ye Y, Cheng H, et al.Thermal effects on the stability and antioxidant activity of an acid polysaccharide conjugate derived from green tea[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009, 57(13): 5795-5798.
[25] 宋林珍, 朱丽云, 高永生, 等. 茶多糖的结构特征与降血糖活性[J]. 食品科学, 2018, 39(19): 162-168.
Song L Z, Zhu L Y, Gao Y S, et al.Structural characteristics and hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides from green tea leaves[J]. Food Science, 2018, 39(19): 162-168.
[26] Nie S P, Xie M Y.A review on the isolation and structure of tea polysaccharides and their bioactivities[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2011, 25(2): 144-149.
[27] 刘思怡, 朱晓静, 房峰祥, 等. 茶树叶片氟亚细胞分布及其与细胞壁结合特性的研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2018, 38(3): 305-312.
Liu S Y, Zhu X J, Fang F X, et al.Fluorine subcellular distribution and its combining characteristics with cell wall in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis)[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2018, 38(3): 305-312.
[28] 朱晓静. 茶多糖氟测定方法及多糖与氟结合方式的初步研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2017: 16-51.
Zhu X J.Study on the determination method of fluorine in tea polysaccharide and way of combination with the tea polysaccharide. [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2017: 16-51.