茶树树冠不同冠层叶片光合作用特性的研究

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.010

茶叶科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 505-511.doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.010

茶树树冠不同冠层叶片光合作用特性的研究

余海云, 石元值, 马立锋, 伊晓云, 阮建云^*

中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,农业部茶树生物学与资源利用重点实验室,浙江杭州 310008

收稿日期:2013-03-26 修回日期:2013-05-10 出版日期:2013-12-30 发布日期:2019-09-04
通讯作者: *jruan@mail.tricaas.com
作者简介:余海云（1987— ）,女,湖北荆门人,硕士研究生,从事茶树栽培生理与生态方面研究。
基金资助:
国家现代茶叶产业技术体系项目（CARS-23）、公益性行业（农业）专项资金项目（201303012）

Leaf Photosynthetic Traits at Different Canopies of Tea Plants

YU Hai-yun, SHI Yuan-zhi, MA Li-feng, YI Xiao-yun, RUAN Jian-yun^*

Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China

Received:2013-03-26 Revised:2013-05-10 Online:2013-12-30 Published:2019-09-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 茶树树冠整体的光合能力是决定茶树生产力的主要因素。本文研究了10龄龙井43投产茶园茶树树冠表层（受光率100%）、中层（受光率50%~70%）、下层（受光率0%~15%）叶片的光合作用特性、生理生态指标的特点及其相互关系。结果表明,从树冠表层至下层叶片接受到的光合有效辐射显著降低,但空气CO₂浓度以树冠下层最高;叶片比叶重、单位面积全氮和全碳含量、叶绿素含量均以表层显著高于下层,而以重量为基础的全氮和全碳含量没有表现出明显的冠层分布差异;表层和中层叶片的光响应曲线表现为典型的Farquhar模型,但下层叶片无类似特征;光饱和速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均以表层叶片最高、下层叶片最低,但胞间CO₂浓度以下层叶片最高;表层和中层叶片光合氮效率差异不大,但显著高于下部叶片。这表明,冠层下部叶片光合作用速率下降的主要原因是光照强度减弱使光合系统活性和羧化效率明显降低,而气孔导度的下降可能不是主要影响因素。因此,如何采取科学的栽培技术,进而调节树冠叶片分布以提高茶树群体光合能力值得深入研究。

关键词: 茶树, 冠层, 光合作用, 光合有效辐射

Abstract: The canopy photosynthetic capacity is one of the dominant factors determining the productivity of tea plants. The photosynthetic traits, physiological and ecological factors as well as their interactions of 10-year old tea plant (Longjing 43 cultivar) at surface, middle, low positions in the canopy receiving 100%, 50%~70%, 0%~15% photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were investigated in this paper. The received PAR decreased sharply from the surface to low canopy, while CO₂ concentration was the highest at low canopy. There were magnificent decreases of leaf mass area ratio (LMA), total nitrogen (N_A), total carbon (C_A), chlorophyll contents based on leaf area from the surface to low canopy. However, the contents of total N and C were not significantly different among positions in tea plant when calculated based on leaf mass. Leaves at the surface and middle positions, but not low canopy showed typical light response curves fitting well to the Farquhar model. The light-saturated photosynthesis rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (Tr) also decreased markedly from surface canopy to low canopy, while concentration of intercellular CO₂ (C_i) was the highest at low canopy. Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) of surface canopy and middle canopy were significantly higher than that of low canopy. The overall results suggested that the decreased P_n within the leaves of tea plant from surface to low canopy was mainly related to the reduced capacity of photosystem and carboxylation efficiency caused by decreased light intensity instead of low G_s. More research is needed to illustrate the optimum canopy structure shaped by rational agronomical management which could improve the canopy photosynthetic capacity of tea plants.

Key words: tea plant, canopy, photosynthesis, photosynthetically active radiation

中图分类号:

余海云, 石元值, 马立锋, 伊晓云, 阮建云. 茶树树冠不同冠层叶片光合作用特性的研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2013, 33(6): 505-511. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.010.

YU Hai-yun, SHI Yuan-zhi, MA Li-feng, YI Xiao-yun, RUAN Jian-yun. Leaf Photosynthetic Traits at Different Canopies of Tea Plants[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2013, 33(6): 505-511. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.010.

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茶树树冠不同冠层叶片光合作用特性的研究

Leaf Photosynthetic Traits at Different Canopies of Tea Plants

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