基于农艺性状和SNP分子标记的湖南78份茶树种质资源遗传多样性研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确湖南省茶树种质资源的遗传多样性,探明种质资源的遗传结构,并对其进行精准鉴定评价,本研究利用靶向测序基因型检测技术（GBTS）对湖南省内的78份茶树种质资源的76 252个SNP位点进行了基因型检测和遗传多样性分析,并对这批资源的30项农艺性状和15项生化成分进行了精准鉴定。结果表明,78份湖南省茶树种质资源间存在比较丰富的遗传变异,表型性状的遗传多样性指数为0.07~2.08,变异系数为2.26%~47.50%,最小的是萼片数,最大的是叶齿深度;生化成分的遗传多样性指数为1.36~2.09,变异系数为5.90%~118.49%,最小的是水浸出物,最大的是没食子酸;欧氏距离为20时可将78份茶树种质资源分为5个类群,在第Ⅰ、Ⅲ类群中,叶长、叶片大小、叶基、酚氨比、没食子酸（GA）、茶碱（THEO）、没食子儿茶素（GC）、表没食子儿茶素（EGC）、表儿茶素（EC）、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（GCG）、表儿茶素没食子酸酯（ECG）均存在显著差异。基于78份资源的基因型检测结果构建系统进化树,可将78份资源分为3个类群。同时,本研究挖掘出表型性状特异、高氨基酸、高可可碱、高咖啡碱等功能成分特异茶树资源23份。相关研究结果可为湖南省茶树种质资源的保护和利用提供依据。

关键词: 茶树, 种质资源, 精准鉴定, 靶向测序基因型检测, 遗传多样性

Abstract: To clarify the genetic diversity of tea germplasm resources in Hunan Province, explore the genetic structure of germplasm resources for accurate identification and evaluation, genotyping by targeted sequencing (GBTS) was used to genotype and analyze the genetic diversity of 76 252 SNP loci in 78 tea germplasm resources in Hunan Province. A total of 30 agronomic traits and 15 biochemical components of this batch of resources were accurately identified. The results show that there was abundant genetic variation among 78 tea germplasm resources in Hunan Province, with a genetic diversity index of 0.07-2.08 for phenotypic traits and a coefficient of variation of 2.26%-47.50%. The smallest was the number of calyxs and the largest was the depth of leaf serration. The genetic diversity index of the biochemical components was 1.36-2.09, and the coefficient of variation was 5.90%-118.49%, with the smallest being water extract and the largest being gallic acid. When the Euclidean distance was 20, the 78 tea germplasm resources could be divided into five groups, and there were significant differences in leaf length, leaf size, leaf base shape, ratio of polyphenols/amino acids, GA, THEO, GC, EGC, EC, EGCG, GCG and ECG in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Based on the genotype detection results of 78 resources, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, and 78 resources could be divided into three groups. At the same time, this study identified 23 tea resources with specific phenotypic traits, high levels of functional components such as amino acids, theobromine and caffeine. The results of this study could provide a basis for the protection and utilization of tea germplasm resources in Hunan.

Key words: tea plant, germplasm resources, accurate identification, genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS), genetic diversity

中图分类号:

郭佳璐, 璩馥榕, 蔡天晨, 赵洋, 杨培迪, 刘勇, 周跃斌, 刘振. 基于农艺性状和SNP分子标记的湖南78份茶树种质资源遗传多样性研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025, 45(2): 219-233.

GUO Jialu, QU Furong, CAI Tianchen, ZHAO Yang, YANG Peidi, LIU Yong, ZHOU Yuebin, LIU Zhen. Study on the Genetic Diversity of 78 Tea Germplasm Resources in Hunan Based on Agronomic Traits and SNP Molecular Markers[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2025, 45(2): 219-233.

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