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Published in last 1 year| In last 2 years| In last 3 years| All| Most Downloaded in Recent Month | Most Downloaded in Recent Year| Published in last 1 year Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks Toggle Thumbnails Select Historical Changes and Influencing Factors of Tea Producing Areas in the Yangtze River Basin DU Xiya, LIU Xinqiu, LU Yong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 694-706.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.012 Abstract （279）      PDF（pc） （693KB）（755）       Knowledge map    Save The production, trade and the dissemination of tea culture in ancient China were mainly centered around the Yangtze River Basin. Research on the distribution of tea planting areas in the Yangtze River Basin and their influencing factors provides a crucial perspective for a thorough understanding of the historical and geographical development of tea. Based on the combing of ancient books, especially local records, combined with the research of modern scholars on tea producing areas in historical periods, this paper sorted out the historical evolution process of tea producing areas in the Yangtze River basin in detail. The study categorized these shifts into four stages and utilized ArcGIS technology to create distribution maps of tea-producing areas during each stage. The paper summarized the characteristics and patterns of tea-producing areas in the Yangtze River Basin, attempting to analyze prominent factors influencing the distribution of tea-producing areas in each stage. It reveals key features of the historical and geographical development of tea, providing valuable insights for a deeper understanding of tea production and the dissemination of tea culture in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress in the Residue Analysis and Risk Assessment of Chiral Pesticides in Tea HU Yue, NING Yating, LI Hongxia, LUO Fengjian, YIN Rongxiu, ZHANG Xinzhong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 363-385.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.013 Abstract （376）      PDF（pc） （902KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Save Chiral pesticides have one or more enantiomers, and their biological activity, toxicity, environmental behavior, degradation and metabolism may be different. Tea, as one of the three major beverages, has attracted much attention in terms of quality and safety. However, more attention is currently paid to the total amount of pesticide racemate residues. With the development of analytical techniques, it is particularly crucial to fully understand the stereoselective behavior of the chiral pesticide enantiomer in tea, as well as to examine residue degradation in tea and to set the maximum residue limits for enantiomers. This would help to improve the efficacies of chiral pesticides and reduce their residues and toxicities to non-target organisms. In this paper, the current status of chiral pesticide separation and residue detection technology in tea were reviewed, such as liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. In addition, it provided a summary of the residue degradation behaviors and risk assessment of chiral pesticide enantiomers in tea, which would be useful as a guide for further in-depth studies on chiral pesticide enantiomers in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Aroma Change of the Enzymatic Processing Stage of Beauty Tea in Different Withering Methods DING Fengjiao, YUAN Yuwei, LI Yuanchao, LIN Jinlong, YAN Jiawei, LI Pengchun, JIN Shan Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 469-482.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.008 Abstract （241）      PDF（pc） （1821KB）（448）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the aroma changes between the natural withering indoors and sunlight withering outdoors during the enzymatic processing stage of beauty tea, the volatiles collected in the process samples of beauty tea during the enzymatic processing stage were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to screen for differential volatiles. The results show that the differential volatiles of beauty teas from the two withering methods were similar at different stages of processing, in which the contents of N-hexanol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, geraniol, hexyl isovalerate, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, hexyl butyrate, N-butyrate (trans-2-hexenyl) ester, linalool oxy-furan-type, and linalool increased with the processing, which was the material basis for the formation of the aroma quality of Beauty Tea. While the contents of 2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenyl-2-methylbutyrate, (E)-3-hex-enyl butyrate, ethyl caproate, and ethyl acetate-leaf alcohol ester declined continuously with the processing. The results of volatile determination show that there was no significant difference in the types of volatile components in the processing stage of beauty tea between the two withering methods, but mainly in the content, and most of the volatile components were more abundant in the outdoor sunlight withering beauty tea. This study aimed to explore the aroma changing rule of beauty tea during the enzymatic processing stage, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of beauty tea processing technology, and to improve the flavor quality and economic value of beauty tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on the Application of Gas Chromatography-ion Mobility Spectrometry in the Field of Tea GAN Fangyuan, LIU Zhenping, FU Bingsheng, LONG Daoqi, PANG Kejing, JIANG Rong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 565-574.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.001 Abstract （297）      PDF（pc） （484KB）（445）       Knowledge map    Save Tea is an important economic crop in traditional Chinese agriculture, with a long history and rich cultural connotation. The different parameters of tea origin, storage time and processing method determine the quality, nutritional value and market positioning. Known as a newly developed non-destructive testing technique, GC-IMS can analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of samples under normal pressure to characterize the differences between samples. This paper collected the existing literature data, reviewed the applications of GC-IMS technology in the study of kind differentiation, grade identification, origin identification, storage time determination and processing quality control of tea, and analyzed the current problems and future prospects of GC-IMS technology in the field of tea application, and provided theoretical reference for the flavor research, process optimization, quality analysis and quality monitoring of tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Advances on Flavor Chemical Characteristics of Solarization Tea XIE Chenxin, ZHAO Feng, LIN Yu, CAI Liangsui, LIN Zhi, GUO Li Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 554-564.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.014 Abstract （389）      PDF（pc） （502KB）（444）       Knowledge map    Save Tea withering or drying with solarization is beneficial to save a lot of energy cost and contribute to the unique flavor formation. In this paper, the advances of solarization tea were reviewed from the aspects of flavor quality characteristics, flavor chemical characteristics, technical and environmental factors affecting their formation. Linalool, geranyl, 1-octene-3-ol and capric aldehyde are the key aroma components of solarization tea, among which 1-octene-3-ol and 1-octene-3-one may be related to sun exposure flavor. Reasonable use of environmental factors such as sunlight and air humidity is a basic requirement for processing high-quality solarization tea. On this basis, the development of technology upgrading and theoretical research for solarization tea was prospected from the technical, theoretical and industrial levels. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Mechanism and Research Progress of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Improving Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease CHEN Jiaxin, ZHANG Jinjia, ZUO Huiling, JIAO Yuhang, SHI Anhua Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 543-553.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.003 Abstract （384）      PDF（pc） （655KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing year by year and there is no specific drug available. The active ingredient of green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has been widely proven to have a favorable ameliorative effect on NAFLD in the low dose range. Some of the mechanisms by which EGCG delays the development of NAFLD through anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, inhibition of iron death, reduction of lipogenesis, up-regulation of autophagy, modulation of intestinal flora, and reduction of bile acid metabolism were summarized in this paper, so as to provide insights for in-depth research on improving NAFLD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Different Temperature Hot Air Withering on Withered Leaves and Tea Quality of Black Tea ZHANG Xianglin, LING Zhihui, HU Weixia, XIANG Chunhui, CUI Lidan, XU Wei, XIAO Wenjun Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 483-492.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.007 Abstract （309）      PDF（pc） （356KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the traditional black tea processing technology, the hot air withering process was used to replace the traditional indoor natural withering process on the basis of the traditional black tea processing technology. The effects of four hot air withering processes of 35 ℃, 45 ℃, 55 ℃ and 65 ℃ on the quality of summer and autumn black tea were studied and analyzed from three aspects of sensory quality, taste quality and aroma quality. The results show that compared with 25 ℃ traditional indoor natural withering black tea, the comprehensive sensory quality of black tea processed by 45 ℃ hot air withering process was better. The color of dry tea was dark brown and moist, the soup color was red and bright, the taste was mellow and refreshing, and the quality characteristics was sweet aroma. At the same time, the contents of tea polyphenols, gallic acid, EGCG, theaflavins, thearubigins and the ratio of the sum contents of theaflavins and thearubigins to the content of theabrownins (TFRB) significantly increased (P<0.05), while the content of soluble sugar decreased significantly (P<0.05). The types of aroma quality components increased, among which alcohols accounted for the highest proportion (70.47%), and the relative contents of alcohols, ketones and esters increased significantly (P<0.05), while pyrroles and aldehydes decreased significantly (P<0.05). And the aroma components with flower and fruit aroma such as trans-3-hexenol, 2,3-dihydro-2,2,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde and α-ionone were detected. This shows that hot air withering with appropriate temperature is conducive to improving the quality of black tea, which can be applied to the production practice of improving the quality of black tea in summer and autumn. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genomic Characteristics, Codon Preference, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Chloroplasts of Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Damianbai’ YIN Minghua, ZHANG Jiaxin, LE Yun, HE Fanfan, HUANG Tianhui, ZHANG Mutong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 411-430.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.009 Abstract （210）      PDF（pc） （1268KB）（428）       Knowledge map    Save ‘Damianbai’ was approved as a national tea cultivar by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 1985, but its origin and evolutionary relationship with other tea resources are still unclear. Using ‘Damianbai’ as the experimental material, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence, assemble and annotate the entire chloroplast genome of ‘Damianbai’. In order to provide a basis for studying its phylogenetic evolutionary relationship, bioinformatics software was used to analyze the characteristics, phylogeny, and codon preference of its chloroplast genome. The results show that the chloroplast genome of the tea cultivar ‘Damianbai’ had a total length of 157 129 bp and was a typical tetrad structure, including 1 LSC region (86 687 bp), 1 SSC region (18 282 bp), and 2 IR regions (including IRa and IRb, both of which were 26 080 bp). A total of 135 functional genes were annotated in the chloroplast genome of ‘Damianbai’, including 90 CDS genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. A total of 52 SSRs and 50 Longrepeat sequences were detected in the chloroplast genome of ‘Damianbai’. The SSRs had only A/T single nucleotide repeat sequences, while Longrepeat sequences had only two types: forward repeat and palindrome repeat. The codon usage bias in the chloroplast genome of tea cultivar ‘Damianbai’ was mainly influenced by natural selection, and was less affected by internal mutation pressure. The chloroplast gene of tea cultivar ‘Damianbai’ had 14 optimal codons (AAU, GAU, UGU, AAA, UAA, GCA, GCU, GGU, CCU, GUA, CGU, CUU, AGU, UCU). The Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Damianbai’ had a close genetic relationship with Camellia sinensis isolate Baiyin cultivar Phoenix Dancong Tea (OL690374). This study analyzed the chloroplast genome sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of ‘Damianbai’, which provided a reference basis for strengthening the identification of tea cultivar ‘Damianbai’ and the development and utilization of its resource diversity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Antagonistic Activity and Utilization of Bacillus velezensis Strain YJK1 as A Biocontrol Agent Against Anthracnose on Camellia sinensis TANG Zhaoyang, KONG Liya, HU Qian, SONG Qiujin, HE Luqian, LOU Jun, WANG Zhanqi, HE Yan, ZHANG Liqin, MIN Lijing Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 443-452.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.005 Abstract （194）      PDF（pc） （4070KB）（410）       Knowledge map    Save The tea industry is one of China's important agricultural economic resources. However, widespread outbreaks of anthracnose on Camellia sinensis pose a significant threat to the sustainability of the tea industry. Conventional approaches based on chemical pesticides face inherent challenges, including pesticide residue accumulation and environmental pollution. In this study, the biological control effect of Bacillus velezensis YJK1 on tea tree diseases was evaluated. The results demonstrat that the YJK1 isolate exhibited robust antagonistic activity against fungal diseases affecting tea trees, particularly against pathogens such as Colletotrichum camelliae, Colletotrichum fructicola and Fusarium fujikuroi. YJK1 fermentation diluent has a significant inhibitory effect on the spores of C. camelliae and C. fructicola. The inhibitory effects of YJK1 fermented liquid on the diameter of C. camelliae were evaluated with the detached tea leaves. YJK1 fermented liquid effectively prevented tea tree anthracnose with 78.1% control when applied 24 h before C. camelliae inoculation and 61.8% during simultaneous inoculation. However, its efficacy was limited (post-inoculation). The YJK1 fermentation broth has a broad-spectrum of activity against various fungi. The antagonistic activity of the fermented liquid was stable below 80 ℃. After 60 min of UV treatment, the inhibition rate was still above 50%. And after treatment with different pH values, there was no significant difference in the inhibition rate within the pH range of 5-11. These findings suggest that B. velezensis YJK1 is a promising biocontrol agent for the management of tea plant diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Impact of Standards Differences in Pesticide Maximum Residue Limits on the Trade Efficiency of RCEP Members Exporting Tea from China: Based on the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model HUO Zenghui, LIU Chang, ZHANG Mei, CHEN Fuqiao, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 526-542.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.006 Abstract （281）      PDF（pc） （962KB）（385）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, tea trade is facing challenges from technical trade barriers. This study used the standards differences in pesticide maximum residue limits (MRLs) as the entry point to construct The Heterogeneity Index of Trade (HIT) to quantify the specific differences in pesticide MRLs between countries. The stochastic frontier gravity model was used to study the impact of standards differences in pesticide MRLs on the trade efficiency of RCEP members exporting tea from China. The results show that there are differences in the pesticide MRLs standards between China and RCEP members, but overall there is a decreasing trend. The negative differences in pesticide MRLs standards between China and RCEP members will lead to a reduction in the trade efficiency of China's tea exports. The inhibitory effect path is manifested by significantly reducing tea export volume and export unit price. China's pesticide MRLs standard system should be further improved to align with international standards, promote mutual recognition of standards among countries in the RCEP region, and reduce the adverse effects of trade barriers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of STOP Gene Family in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) LONG Lu, TANG Dandan, CHEN Wei, TAN Liqiang, CHEN Shengxiang, TANG Qian Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 386-398.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.001 Abstract （233）      PDF（pc） （792KB）（384）       Knowledge map    Save STOP (Sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity) is a type of C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, and it plays an important regulatory role in various stress tolerance mechanisms in higher plants. A total of 6 STOP genes were identified based on the whole genome data of tea plant (Camellia sinensis), and analyzed by bioinformatics and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results show that the six CsSTOP genes encoded 376-505 amino acids, their molecular weights were 42.17-56.36 kDa, and their theoretical isoelectric points were 5.53-8.85, all of which were unstable proteins. Conserved domain analysis of the proteins shows that they all contained zf-C2H2 conserved domain. Phylogenetic analysis shows that tea plant has high homology with Arabidopsis, Citrus sinensis and Nicotiana tabacum. Cis-acting element analysis of the promoter shows that CsSTOPs contain many elements related to growth and development, hormone response and abiotic stress. Transcriptome data analysis of different tissues shows that the expression level of CsSTOP1 was the higher in roots, fruits and mature leaves, the expression level of CsSTOP2 was the higher in young leaves, the expression level of CsSTOP3 was the higher in old leaves, and the expression levels of CsSTOP4 and CsSTOP5 were low in all tissues. The expressions of different CsSTOP genes were induced by PEG-induced drought stress, salt stress, methyl jasmonate stress and cold stress, indicating that CsSTOP genes were involved in the regulation of growth and development of tea plants and response to abiotic stress. Fluorescence quantitative PCR detection shows that the expression levels of CsSTOPs, CsGS1s and CsGDHs in leaves and roots of 'Emeiwenchun' treated with high NH4+ concentration (4.5 mmol·L-1) were higher than those in the control treatment (CK). Particularly, the expression levels of CsSTOPs, CsGS1.1, CsGS1.3 and CsGDH2 were significantly higher than CK in leaves treated with high NH4+ concentration. In this study, the basic characteristics and functions of CsSTOPs were preliminarily analyzed, and it was found that CsSTOPs could coordinate with CsGS1s and CsGDHs genes to regulate the process of tea plant adaptation to high NH4+ environmental availability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteriaand Phosphate-solubilizing and Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria on Selenium and Zinc Contents in Selenium-rich Soil and Camellia sinensis Seedlings in Guizhou ZHANG Shuqing, GUO Jinmei, LI Jianfeng, WU Ling, WANG Xi, ZENG Zhengqun Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 431-442.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.011 Abstract （218）      PDF（pc） （635KB）（371）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing & nitrogen-fixing bacteria on the content of available selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) in selenium-rich soil and Camellia sinensis, two strains of endogenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Paraburkholderia fungorum PSt07, Kluyvera intermedia PSt12) and two endogenous phosphate-solubilizing & nitrogen-fixation bacteria (Paraburkholderia fungorum PMS05, Kluyvera intermedia PCF06) were used as the research object, and 2 year old tea seedlings of ‘Longjing43’ and ‘Huangjinya’ and Se-rich red soil of Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province were used as the test materials. Soil incubation and pot experiment of tea seedlings were carried out. After 60 days of inoculation with each bacterial solution, Se and Zn contents in tea seedlings and available nutrients of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Zn, Se in soil were tested. The results show that the tested strains could increase the content of available P in rhizosphere soil of two tea seedlings, and the content of available N in rhizosphere soil of ‘Longjing43’. Under the treatment of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, the content of available Se and Zn in rhizosphere soil and Se in root tissue of ‘Longjing43’ tea seedlings were increased by 191.83%-573.08%, 37.48%-65.88% and 24.27%-39.73% respectively. The accumulation of Zn in the leaves of the two tea seedlings was increased by 41.23%-247.65% (P<0.05). The contents of available Zn in the rhizosphere soil of potted plants under the treatment of two strains of phosphate solubilizing bacteria were higher than those in the soil incubated with bacteria solution alone without tea plants, indicating that the combined effect of tea plants and phosphate solubilizing bacteria could significantly improve the availability of Zn in soil. The phosphate-solubilizing & nitrogen-fixing bacteria were more beneficial than the phosphate solubilizing bacteria to increase the Se content of ‘Huangjinya’ root tissue and the available Se content of rhizosphere soil, and PMS05 could significantly increase the content of available Se in rhizosphere soil by 602.00% (P<0.05). The accumulation of Se and Zn elements in tea varied greatly from different combinations of strains and tea cultivars. In practical application, the optimal phosphorus solubilizing strain should be selected for different tea cultivars after completing the strain selection and fertilizer efficiency verification experiment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Response of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Metabolic Pathway in Tea Plants to Early Infestation of Ectropis obliqua SUN Juan, CHEN Hui, LIU Guanhua, ZHANG Han, HUANG Fuyin, WANG Yuxi, WANG Nuo, BAO Demeng, SHI Jiang, DAI Weidong, CHEN Jian, FU Jianyu Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 816-830.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.05.008 Abstract （155）      PDF（pc） （1506KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save Tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua Prout) infestation induces tea plants to release massive amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are widely reported as important chemical cues that either repel the pests or attract their enemies. However, the spatial variations and the roles of the non-volatile metabolites in tea leaves infested by the tea geometrids are confusing. Taking tea leaves as materials, the feeding of E. obliqua was limited at the leaf tip, and then the tissues at the leaf tip, middle and base were collected. The non-volatile metabolites of the tissues at the three sites were identified and analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS). The results demonstrate that compared with the blank control and mechanical injury tea leaves, tea geometrids induced 11 differential metabolites, including six dimeric catechins, three amino acids (including γ-aminobutyric acid), one flavonoid and flavonoid glycoside, and one phenolic acid compound. After the infestation of the tea geometrids, the relative contents of γ-aminobutyric acid at the three sites in tea leaves were significantly increased compared to the blank control tea leaves, and increased by 1.99-fold in the middle and base of leaves. In addition, the key genes involved in the γ-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic pathway were upregulated at all three sites of tea leaves. There was a significant positive correlation between the relative content of γ-aminobutyric acid and the relative content of glutamic acid (P<0.05). When the tea geometrids were fed with artificial diet supplemented with 0.2 mg·g-1, 0.5 mg·g-1 and 2.0 mg·g-1 γ-aminobutyric acid, their body weight and length were both significantly decreased compared with the control (P<0.05). The present study indicates that the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid plays a pivotal role in the early defense response against tea geometrids, which will shed light on the biochemical resistance mechanism of the tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Alleviative Effects of Aged Fu Brick Tea on Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Mice KE Wanping, LIU Zhenyun, LI Menghua, ZHOU Xirui, GUO Xiaoli, ZHANG Sheng, HUANG Jian′an, LIU Zhonghua, XIAO Lizheng, LIN Yong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 683-693.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.008 Abstract （201）      PDF（pc） （1448KB）（351）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the preventive effect of Fu brick tea with different years on high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia, this experiment was conducted with C57BL/6J mice, and Fu brick tea aged for 1 and 10 years were used as representative tea samples. The normal diet group (ND), high-fat diet group (HFD), and Fu brick tea with different ageing time (10Y, 1Y) were set up. The analysis of bioactive components of the tea samples reveals a significant increase in the contents of theabrownin and soluble sugars, and a significant decrease in polyphenols and catechin monomers in Fu brick tea aged for 10 years. Animal test results show that Fu brick tea aged for 1 year and 10 years were effective in reducing liver and serum lipid levels, body weight gain, organ coefficients and adipose tissue weights compared to the HFD group, and that Fu brick tea aged for 10 years had a relatively significant effect. Liver and adipose tissue sections show that Fu brick tea supplementation reduced the formation of lipid droplets and the appearance of vacuoles in the liver, as well as inhibited adipocyte expansion. In addition, Fu brick tea supplementation ameliorated inflammation and hepatic oxidative stress caused by a high-fat diet. Compared with Fu brick tea aged for 1 year, Fu brick tea aged for 10 years significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as the liver injury indicators (AST and ALT viabilities), while significantly up-regulating the hepatic GSH content (P<0.05). This may be a result of the richness of theabrownin in 10-year aged Fu brick tea and its co-action with other active ingredients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification and Tissue Expression Analysis of Sucrose Transporter (SUT) Gene Family in Camellia sinensis LUO Wei, ZHANG Jiaqi, YANG Ni, HU Zhihang, HAO Jiannan, LIU Hui, TAN Shanshan, ZHUANG Jing Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 585-597.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.002 Abstract （237）      PDF（pc） （2445KB）（348）       Knowledge map    Save Sucrose transporters (SUTs), the main sucrose carriers, consume energy to transport and load sucrose, which play a key role in the transport of plant photosynthetic products from source to sink. In this study, seven members of CsSUTs family were identified from Camellia sinensis ‘Shuchazao’ by bioinformatics analysis. Their physical and chemical properties, gene structure, subcellular localization, evolutionary relationship and cis-acting elements were analyzed. The identified CsSUT proteins, containing a conserved MFS-2 domain, are closely related to AtSUC proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, which are clustered in SUTⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ. AtSUC proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana were used as a model in the STRING online website to speculate that there might be a direct interaction between CsSUT proteins and SWEET, SUS and STP proteins. Analysis of the promoter regions of the CsSUT family genes in tea plants reveals that there were masses of cis-acting elements related to hormone response, abiotic stress, and plant growth and development. It is speculated that these promoters may be regulated by plant hormones, stress and other factors, thus affecting the growth and development of tea plants. There were differences in the expression patterns of CsSUT family genes in C. sinensis ‘Longjing 43’ and C. sinensis ‘Shuchazao’. CsSUT6 was highly expressed in flowers, suggesting that it may contribute to the supply, storage and distribution of sucrose in floral organs. CsSUT1 and CsSUT5 were highly expressed in various organs of tea plants, indicating that they may synergistically participate in the process of sucrose loading in ‘ source’ leaves and unloading in ‘sink’ organs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Effects of Puerins Ⅴ-Ⅶ on Four Kinds of Breast Cancer Cells YANG Rui, ZHAO Xingping, HE Mingjie, LIU Min, LUO Rong, CHEN Chuanlong, PAN Shukang, DING Zhanggui Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 501-514.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.004 Abstract （192）      PDF（pc） （3445KB）（347）       Knowledge map    Save Puerins, a kind of nitrogen-containing polyphenol compound with unique structure, is a kind of catechin derivative first isolated from ripened Pu-erh tea. In this paper, the effects of puerins Ⅴ-Ⅶ on breast cancer cells were studied. Four breast cancer cell lines with different receptor phenotypes were used as models, and MTT assay, proteomics detection and apoptosis detection were carried out. The results show that all puerins Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ had obvious inhibitory effects on the four kinds of breast cancer cells. Proteomics analysis indicates that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly concentrated in the metabolic pathway, followed by cancer pathway and adhesion spot signal pathway under the intervention of puerins Ⅴ-Ⅶ. Apoptosis detection demonstrates that all three puerins compounds could induce the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. This study first reported the anti-breast cancer activity and preliminary mechanism of puerins Ⅴ-Ⅶ, which provided basic information for studying the anti-cancer active substances of ripened Pu-erh tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Synthetic Site of Caffeine in Different Etiolated Tea Germplasms ZHANG Yazhen, ZHONG Sitong, CHEN Zhihui, KONG Xiangrui, SHAN Ruiyang, ZHENG Shiqin, YU Wenquan, CHEN Changsong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 575-584.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.011 Abstract （278）      PDF（pc） （2017KB）（337）       Knowledge map    Save As the main characteristic metabolite in tea plants, caffeine contributes to tea quality and flavor formation and is a natural functional component. Its function, distribution, biosynthetic pathway and related key genes in tea plants have been basically identified, but its synthetic site at subcellular level needs to be further clarified. In this study, ‘Baijiguan’ and its half-sib offsprings with different etiolated leaves were used as materials. The results of transmission electron microscopy show that the chloroplast structures in etiolated leaves were damaged or destroyed, which was closely related to the SPAD value and leaf phenotype. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the caffeine content. It was found that there was still a large amount of caffeine accumulation in etiolated leaves, even more than in normal green leaves. Then, the expression and location of CsTCS1, a key gene involved in caffeine synthesis, were studied by real-time PCR, in-situ hybridization and subcellular localization. It was shown that the expression level of CsTCS1 in different etiolated leaves varied obviously. But the expression site was basically consistent, mainly distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of palisade tissues. These results reveal that the synthetic site of caffeine at subcellular level in tea leaves were mainly nucleus and cytoplasm, but not chloroplasts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Spatial Transcriptome Sequencing of Shilixiang in Yunnan Province WANG Dongxue, MAN Jiaxu, WU Simin, ZHAO Xueting, ZHANG Dongying Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 399-410.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.003 Abstract （202）      PDF（pc） （631KB）（332）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, Yunnan's large leaf tea and ancient tea resources have attracted much attention, while there are relatively few reports on the research of small leaf tea resources. Shilixiang, a distinctive small leaf tea resource in Yunnan, possessed unique quality and a long drinking history. Spatial transcriptome technology, an emerging gene expression analysis technique, has not been previously applied to tea resources according to current literature. The gene characterization and spatial regulation mechanism of the tender buds of Shilixiang were researched by spatial transcriptome sequencing technology in this study. The results show that 13 clusters of different cell types in the tender bud cells were identified by a spot clustering analysis and the spatial transcriptome map was constructed. The expression positions of clusters during the two developmental stages of the bud were different and spatial heterogeneity was observed from this analysis. Further exploration involved the identification of differential genes in various cell type clusters, with a focus on stress response and growth and development regulation. Representative stress responsive genes included LOC114312694, LOC114319171, LOC114320792, LOC114287723, LOC114284011 and LOC114289235. Meanwhile, representative growth and development genes included LOC114263486, LOC114320821, LOC114292779, LOC114321117, and LOC114286858. A spatial distribution map illustrated the high expression of these stress response and growth development genes in young leaves, indicating their crucial role in the early stage of tender bud development. Further GO and KEGG enrichment analysis reveal that the differential genes in the tender buds of Shilixiang are associated with multiple important pathways. These pathways included translation, jasmonic acid signal regulation, calcium ion binding, and plant hormone signal transduction, all of which are closely linked to the growth and development of tea plants. The results of this study provided a solid scientific foundation for understanding the developmental biology of Shilixiang. Additionally, they provided a new perspective for exploring other tea resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Physiological Response of Tea Plants Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under Drought Stress LU Wei, WU Xiaolong, HU Xianchun, HAO Yong, LIU Chunyan Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 718-734.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.05.002 Abstract （235）      PDF（pc） （1468KB）（325）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the growth and physiological characteristics of tea plants under drought stress, tea cultivar ‘Fuding Dabaicha' was used as experimental material to inoculate with or without (Claroideoglomus etunicatum) under well-watered and drought stress. Plant growth performance, photosynthesis, osmotic regulation and stomatal aperture were determined to investigate the effect of AMF on tea seedlings under different duration of DS (4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks). The results show that under well-watered and drought stress conditions, AMF inoculation significantly promoted plant growth performance, increased the shoot and root biomass, improved the root system architecture, in particularly increased total root length, secondary and tertiary lateral root numbers, and leaf osmotic potential by 20.00%-38.77%, 48.90%-163.33%, 60.00%-442.86%, 29.77%-41.24%, decreased the stomatal density and relative conductance under drought stress by 16.00%-42.37% and 2.21%-6.67% respectively. The effects were more significant under drought stress. Whereas, drought stress significantly inhibited the root AMF colonization and plant growth, as evidenced by impaired establishment of root system architecture, reduced leaf chlorophyll content, maximum light quantum effect (QY_max), leaf relative water content, stomatal aperture and osmotic potential, etc. AMF inoculation could significantly alleviate this inhibitory effect, improve the physiological response of tea plants under drought stress and thus promote tea plant growth. The results indicate that AMF could promote the absorption of water and nutrients, alleviate the damage of drought stress and improve the drought resistance of tea seedlings by improving root morphology, promoting the water retention and photosynthetic capacity, adjusting the stomatal and osmotic balance, and the promotion effect of AMF became more significant with the extension of drought time. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Impact of Organic Fertilizer Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Tea Gardens in China REN Hailong, CHEN Feifan, TAN Qiling, HU Chengxiao, LI Jinxue, WANG Shaomei, LI Xiaojun, MENG Yuanduo, ZHAO Yingjie Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 598-608.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.005 Abstract （396）      PDF（pc） （1017KB）（322）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effects of organic fertilizer replacement of chemical fertilizers on tea yield, quality, and soil physicochemical properties in China, relevant literature on organic fertilizer replacement of chemical fertilizers in tea gardens was collected both domestically and internationally. Meta analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the effects of organic fertilizer replacement of chemical fertilizers on tea yield, quality, and soil physicochemical properties in China under different organic substitution ratios, soil physicochemical properties and substitution years. The results show that compared with the application of chemical fertilizers alone, partial substitution of organic fertilizer can significantly improve tea yield, quality, and soil nutrient content in tea gardens. The organic substitution ratios, soil conditions, and substitution period are important factors that affect the effectiveness of organic substitution. When the organic substitution ratio was less than 25%, the yield increase effect was the best. When the organic substitution ratio was between 25% and 75%, the best effect was achieved in improving the quality of tea. When the organic substitution exceeded 75%, it would lead to a decrease in tea yield due to insufficient nutrient supply in the soil during the season. Organic substitution had a better effect on increasing tea yield when soil organic matter<20βg·kg-1, alkaline nitrogen<100βmg·kg-1, available phosphorus<5βmg·kg-1, and pH>4.5. When soil organic matter>20βg·kg-1, alkaline nitrogen>100βmg·kg-1, available phosphorus>20βmg·kg-1, available potassium>100βmg·kg-1, and pH<5.5, the tea quality improvement effect was better. There was a cumulative effect of organic fertilizer efficiency, and the longer the organic substitution period, the better the effect on improving tea yield and quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Regurgitation Effect of New Tea Beverage Consumption Intention on Traditional Tea Consumption ZHANG Yi, HU Linying, YI Xiaoyun, CHEN Fuqiao, JIANG Aiqin Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 853-868.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.05.004 Abstract （349）      PDF（pc） （617KB）（320）       Knowledge map    Save To a certain extent, new tea beverage is the product of innovation and development based on traditional tea. China's long history of tea drinking provides a wide space for the new tea beverage market. The rich flavor of traditional tea as well as its inclusiveness become the main means of innovation for new tea beverage. Will new tea beverage consumption in turn affect traditional tea consumption? In this research, a theoretical model of new tea beverage consumption influencing traditional tea consumption was established, and the regurgitation mechanism was revealed. Then, using the new tea beverage research data from the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, it empirically examined the influence of new tea beverage consumption on traditional tea consumption. This research finds that there is a regurgitation effect of new tea beverage consumption on traditional tea consumption. The mechanism analysis shows that consuming new tea beverage can make consumers develop a traceability psychology and accumulate certain knowledge related to tea, thus promoting consumers' traditional tea consumption intention. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the effects of milk tea series and cheese-foam tea series are more prominent. Young groups with higher health consciousness are more likely to be influenced. The research conclusion helps to understand the ways of cultivating tea consumers through new tea beverage, and also has reference significance for expanding our country's tea consumption. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select An Empirical Study on the Increase in Purchase Intention of Novel-tea Beverage among Young Consumers: Based on the Perspective of Customer Perceived Value YAN Pengxiang, PENG Kang, CHEN Fuqiao, JIANG Renhua Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 1023-1036.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.009 Abstract （399）      PDF（pc） （415KB）（315）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the novel-tea beverage industry has developed rapidly, becoming the third largest form of tea consumption after traditional loose-leaf tea and fast-moving bottled tea. The rapid expansion has intensified competition within the industry, making it crucial to increase customers’ purchase intention and frequency for the long-term healthy development of the industry. This study constructed an analytical model for enhancing the purchase intention of young consumers of novel-tea beverage from the perspective of customer perceived value. Though empirical research based on 1 900 consumer survey data points, the study examined the impact of product innovation, scene experience and brand exposure on customers’ purchase intention. The findings are as follows: (1) Product innovation, scene experience and brand exposure all positively influence customers’ purchase intention. (2) Functional value, experiential value and emotional value enhance the effects of product innovation, scene experience and brand exposure on purchase intention. (3) Product innovation, scene experience and brand exposure all positively affect purchase frequency, though there is some discerpancy between purchase intention and actual purchase behavior. Notably, product innovation plays a significant role in translating purchase intention into actual purchase behavior. Based on these conclusions, it is suggested that novel-tea beverage companies should highlight the uniqueness of product innovation, build interesting scene experiences, and link brand exposure emotions in their operations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Predatory Ability and Intraspecific Interference Response of Arma chinensis to the Larvae of Ectropis grisescens GUO Shibao, CHEN Junhua, ZHANG Long, LI Feifan, LIU Hongmin, SHI Hongzhong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 609-617.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.007 Abstract （187）      PDF（pc） （425KB）（310）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the biological control potential of Arma chinensis, a predatory insect, against Ectropis grisescens larvae, the predation and search effect of 4th-5th instar Arma chinensis nymphs and female adults on 3rd-5th instar larvae of Ectropis grisescens were measured in the laboratory, and the intraspecific interference effects of 5th instar Arma chinensis nymphs and female adults were also studied. The results show that both the nymphs and the female adults of the 4th-5th instar Arma chinensis had predatory ability to the larvae of the 3rd-5th instar of Ectropis grisescens, and the functional response equation of predation was in accordance with the Holling Ⅱ model. At different developmental stages of Arma chinensis, the female adults had the highest (33.042) control effectiveness to the larvae of Ectropis grisescens, the second is the 5th instar nymphs (23.222), and the lowest in the 4th instar nymphs (13.219). The female adults had a control effectiveness of 33.042 against the 3rd instar of Ectropis grisescens, the maximum predation of female adults, 5th and 4th instar nymphs of Arma chinensis on the 3rd instar larvae of Ectropis grisescens were 41.499, 37.178 and 31.602. The instantaneous attack rate (0.793) of the female adults of the Arma chinensis on the 3rd instar Ectropis grisescens was the highest, and the prey processing time for was shortest (0.024βd), indicating that the female adult of the Arma chinensis had the strongest potential to prey on the 3rd instar Ectropis grisescens larvae. The search effect of the Arma chinensis on the larvae of Ectropis grisescens increased with the decrease of the prey density. The search effect of Arma chinensis was as follows: female adults > 5th instar nymphs > 4th instar nymphs. The intraspecific density of the 5th instar nymphs and female adults of Arma chinensis interfered with the predation of the Ectropis grisescens, and the intraspecific interference of the 5th instar nymphs was less than that of the female adults. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Differences of Volatile Components in Jingshan Tea from Different Tea Cultivars HOU Zhiwei, LÜ Yongming, MA Kuan, ZHANG Huiyuan, GU Zhe, ZHANG Ran, LI Le, JIN Yugu, SU Zhucheng, CHEN Hongping Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 747-762.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20240824.001 Abstract （266）      PDF（pc） （3993KB）（309）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the differences of volatile components in Jingshan tea from different tea cultivars, the stir bar sorptive extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SBSE-GC-MS), headspacegas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) were used to analyze the volatile components in Jingshan tea from five tea cultivars, including ‘Jingshan No. 1', ‘Jingshan No. 2', ‘Jiukeng', ‘Yingshuang' and ‘Cuifeng'. Firstly, a total of 93 volatile components were identified by GC-MS and 79 volatile components by GC-IMS. Secondly, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reveal the differences in the volatile components of Jingshan tea from different tea cultivars. Finally, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to determine the differential volatile components between different cultivars, and the relative odor activity value (ROAV) was used to further identify the key differential volatile components. The results show that 16 and 12 volatile compounds were identified as the key differential volatile compounds of different tea cultivars by SBSE-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS respectively. Among them, the characteristic volatile components of ‘Jingshan No. 2' include 2-heptanol, methyl jasmonate, 2-methyl butanal, and 2-heptanone, which have clear fragrance characteristics and higher contents than other cultivars. The contents of methyl eugenol, hexanal, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol in ‘Jingshan No. 1' were relatively rich. The contents of oxidized limonene and pentanal in ‘Jiukeng' were relatively higher. The sensory evaluation results indicate that ‘Jingshan No. 1', ‘Cuifeng' and ‘Jingshan No. 2' had higher aroma scores. This study revealed that the characteristic volatile compounds in Jingshan tea from different tea cultivars have significant differences, which provided a theoretical basis for the selection of high-quality raw materials in Jingshan tea production, and had important value for achieving precise processing and targeted quality control of high-quality Jingshan tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Optimization of Culture Conditions of A Trichoderma yunnanensis and Its Control Efficiency of Tea Anthracnose LIU Hui, FENG Yueling, ZHU Xiuying, ZHENG Zhouzhou, LIU Sirui, ZHOU Luona, PAN Xuezhen, SONG Li Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 627-638.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.013 Abstract （163）      PDF（pc） （2401KB）（300）       Knowledge map    Save To optimize the fermentation conditions of Trichoderma yunnanensis, which has antagonistic effect on Colletotrichum camelliae, single factor and response surface tests were performed with the inhibition rate of C. camelliae as the evaluation index. Then, the antagonistic activity, in vitro leaf control effect, indoor pot control effect, and growth effect of the fermentation broth on C. camelliae and tea plants, respectively, were determined. The results show that the optimum fermentation conditions of T. yunnanense were as follows: potato 200βg·L-1, mannitol 18.85βg·L-1, yeast extract 4.73βg·L-1, liquid content 372.60βmL·L-1, culture temperature 25β℃, pH 6.6, 12L∶12D. The inhibitory rate of the obtained fermentation broth on C. camelliae reached 92.61% under the ratio of 1∶9 mixed with potato broth (PDA) medium. The control effect of the fermentation broth on anthrax in vitro leaf was 63.71% and that on indoor potted tea plants was 68.95%, both of which were significantly higher than that of T. harzianum wettable powder and carbendazim. Compared with the water control, the growth of tea seedlings treated with fermentation solution of T. yunnensis was significantly improved, which was manifested by the increase of root length, root fresh weight, plant height and above ground fresh weight by 69.16%, 215.70%, 42.13% and 212.11% respectively. Overall, T. yunnanense fermentation liquid has both antibiotic and growth-promoting effects. The results provided a theoretical basis for the application of T. yunnanense fermentation broth in the biological control of tea anthracnose. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on Flavors and Qualities of Optimization Blending Samples of Hunan Raw Dark Teas JIANG Ating, LIU Qiaofang, XIAO Juanjuan, HE Junhui, GAO Bingcai, HUANG Jian'an, WANG Kunbo, LIU Zhonghua, YU Lijun Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 763-778.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20240829.001 Abstract （199）      PDF（pc） （900KB）（291）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study how to obtain the raw materials of dark tea processing with Hunan regional characteristics of mellow and fresh taste, heavy and long-lasting aroma, Zhuyeqi raw dark tea (Z), Taoyuan-daye raw dark tea (T), Huangjincha 1 raw dark tea (H) were obtained by processing the fresh leaves of relative cultivars, and six blending tea samples were obtained by blending these three raw dark tea (Z∶T∶H) with the ratio of 20∶20∶60, 20∶60∶20, 40∶15∶45, 40∶45∶15, 60∶10∶30, 60∶30∶10. Comparative analysis of their sensory evaluation, taste quality and aroma components was also conducted. The results show that when the proportion of Zhuyeqi raw dark tea was 40% and 60%, the blended teas were mellower and fresher in taste, with heavier and longer-lasting aroma than the original raw tea and the two blends with the proportion of Zhuyeqi raw dark tea of 20%. The tea samples' quality had significant improvement. The results of biochemical analysis show that, when the proportion of Zhuyeqi raw dark tea was 40% and 60%, the contents of water extract and gallic acid were higher, and the taste was mellow and fresh. On this basis, when Taoyuan-daye raw dark tea accounted for a higher percentage of tea, the contents of tea polyphenols, flavonoids, total catechins and caffeine were higher and the taste was mellow. When Huangjincha 1 raw dark tea accounted for a higher percentage of tea, the content of soluble sugar was higher, and the taste was sweeter. A total of 77 volatile components were detected by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the variable importance in projection (VIP) of the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis method (OPLS-DA), 41 components (VIP>1) were screened out by this experiment, and by further calculating their relative odor activity value (ROAV), 13 key differential volatiles such as linalool, L-α-terpineol, cedrol, isopropylidene acetone and crocinaldehyde were identified (VIP>1, ROAV>1). When the proportion of Zhuyeqi raw dark tea was 40% and 60%, the high aroma and lasting characteristics were closely related to the high contents of saffron and aldehyde. Adding high proportion of Huangjincha 1 raw dark tea, the contents of D-limonene and linalool oxide (Ⅳ) were higher, which gave the floral aroma of the blending samples. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of Afidopyropen and Metabolite M440I007 in Tea Tissues by Modified QuEChERS Coupled with Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry QIN Yujie, GUO Mingming, CHEN Yongjing, ZHOU Li Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 515-525.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.010 Abstract （238）      PDF（pc） （573KB）（291）       Knowledge map    Save Afidopyropen, a novel biorational insecticide, was registered in China in 2023 for the control of tea leafhoppers in tea plantation. In this study, an analytical method was developed for the determination of afidopyropen and its metabolite M440I007 in tea tissues by a modified QuEChERS method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Roots, stems and leaves of tea plants were extracted by water and acetonitrile, and purified with primary secondary amine (PSA), hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-OH) and graphitized carbon black (GCB). The target compounds were determined by UPLC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and quantified by external standard method with matrix-matched standard curve. Both targets display excellent linearity (R2>0.999 5) in the range of 0.002-5.000 mg·L-1. The recoveries of both compounds at the spiked levels of 0.005-2.000 mg·kg-1 ranged from 78.3% to 106.0% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 12.85%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) and detection (LODs) of the method were 0.005 mg·kg-1and 0.002 mg·kg-1, respectively. The developed method was applied to detect afidopyrofen and M440I007 in tea seedling tissues cultured in soil treated with afidopyropen in a pot experiment for 7 days. The results show that the distribution of afidopyropen in the tissues was roots (0.102 mg·kg-1) > stems (0.078 mg·kg-1) > leaves (0.007 mg·kg-1). The translocation factors, TFroot-stem and TFstem-leaf, were both less than 1, and the residue levels of the metabolite M440I007 were below the LOQ. The method established in this study is low-cost, accurate and sensitive, which can serve as a technical basis for further research on the uptake and transport behaviors of afidopyropen and M440I007 in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Carbonylation Modification of Epicatechin and Its Activities of UV Absorption and Antioxidant LEI Xiang, ZHANG Minfeng, LIN Hui, WANG Lili, ZHENG Deyong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 493-500.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.002 Abstract （235）      PDF（pc） （359KB）（291）       Knowledge map    Save In order to enhance the UV absorption characteristic of epicatechin derivatives and improve their solubility in non-polar solvents such as oils and fats, 2,2'-di(p-hydroxybenzocarbonyl)-epicatechin was synthesized from epicatechin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid using methane sulfonic acid as solvent and catalyst. The target products were separated by column chromatography, and the purity was verified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the structure of the target products were verified by UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC-MS spectroscopy. The UV absorption characteristic of 2,2'-di(p-hydroxybenzocarbonyl)-epicatechin and its ability to scavenge ABTS+·, DPPH· and O2-· were evaluated. The results show that the synthesized 2,2'-di(p-hydroxybenzocarbonyl)-epicatechin had similar UV absorption and comparable molar absorptivity to OMC, the commonly used UV absorber, and is expected to be an excellent UV absorber in the UVB band. 2,2'-di(p-hydroxybenzocarbonyl)-epicatechin had good antioxidant activity in vitro, and its antioxidant capacity in vitro was higher than that of VC and slightly lower than that of epicatechin, which is expected to be used for cosmetic applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Review on the Formation Pathway of Kombucha Bacterial Cellulose and Its Application in Efficient Utilization of Tea Waste XU Qingqing, NIE Qing, LIU Zhusheng, GUO Qing, LIU Zhonghua, CAI Shuxian Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 707-717.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.05.001 Abstract （299）      PDF（pc） （831KB）（288）       Knowledge map    Save Tea waste and summer-autumn tea can be used to produce Kombucha and bacterial cellulose, helping to reduce environmental pollution and resource waste while developing high market value products. Bacterial cellulose, as a highly crystalline and sustainably renewable polysaccharide, has a wide range of potential applications in biomedicine, eco-friendly packaging, textiles, new energy batteries, skincare products, and other fields. This paper reviewed recent research on the applications of bacterial cellulose membranes, focusing on the effects of different fermentation environments and tea types on the quality of bacterial cellulose membranes. It confirmed that adjusting fermentation parameters can produce cellulose with specific crystalline structures. The paper also discussed the role of tea components in the formation of bacterial cellulose membranes and proposed new ideas for improving the yield and quality of Kombucha bacterial cellulose membranes. The health benefits of Kombucha bacterial cellulose membranes and their significant role in sustainable product development were emphasized. The paper highlighted the need for further research to promote their industrial application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Isolation and Identification of Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006 and Its Effect on Fu Tea’s Quality XIAO Juanjuan, CHENG Ying, LIU Yan, LIU Qiaofang, JIANG Ating, HUANG Jian'an, WANG Kunbo, LIU Zhonghua, WANG Zhenhong, YU Lijun Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 639-654.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.009 Abstract （179）      PDF（pc） （4683KB）（283）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigated the effect of self-isolated and purified strain LJSC.2006 on the quality of Hunan Fu tea, a primary dark tea. Strain LJSC.2006 was identified as Aspergillus cristatus (Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006, GenBank accession number: MZ147025) through colony plate morphology, spore electron microscopy, and mycelial molecular marker identification. Sensory evaluation, biochemical composition analysis and head space solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were applied to assess the flavor and aroma qualities of dark tea raw materials and fermented Jinhua loose tea. The results indicate that compared with the primary dark tea, the fermented loose tea sample exhibited a deeper color, the golden flowers, a richer fungus aroma, and a mellower taste. After fermentation by Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006, there was a decrease in the levels of flavor quality components such as tea polyphenols, soluble carbohydrates, free amino acids, flavonoids, ester-catechins, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol. The aroma components, esters and aldehydes of the loose tea samples increased after fermentation. Styrene and cedrol were the common aroma components in the primary dark tea. (E)-linalool 3,7-oxide and acetophenone were the common aroma components in the fermented loose tea. Additionally, ten characteristic volatile components relative content were significantly increased, including methyl salicylate, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, (E)-linalool-3,7-oxide, (E)-furan oxidized linalool, (E)-2-nonanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E,Z)-6-nonanal, acetophenone, (E)-2-nonanal, and methyl vanillate, which together contributed to the distinctive fungal fragrance of Jinhua loose tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on the Impact of Environmental Stresses on Tea Quality during the Withering Process YAN Duo, YU Penghui, GONG Yushun Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 1-14.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.003 Abstract （278）      PDF（pc） （530KB）（272）       Knowledge map    Save Withering is an important process for tea quality formation. Fresh tea leaves are subjected to a variety of environmental stresses such as water loss, temperature, light and mechanical damage during withering. Under these stresses, complex physiological and biochemical changes in leaves, which ultimately contribute to the formation of tea quality. This paper reviewed the effects of different environmental stresses on the formation of tea taste and aroma during the withering process. It mainly analyzed how different environmental stresses regulate the synthesis and metabolism of compounds in fresh tea leaves, and further explored their effects on the changes in cellular physical structure, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic chemical reactions in fresh tea leaves. This review provided theoretical supports for improving tea quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Broflanilide on the Biosynthesis and Recognition of Sex Pheromone in the Tea Grey Geometrid Ectropis grisescens XU Changxia, LUO Zongxiu, MA Long Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 618-626.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.006 Abstract （181）      PDF（pc） （613KB）（247）       Knowledge map    Save The tea grey geometrid Ectropis grisescens Warren is a devastating chewing pest in tea plantations throughout China, and interfering with the sex pheromone recognition communication between female and male moths becomes an effective method to manage this insect pest. In the present study, the sublethal dose of broflanilide was used to treat adult E. grisescens. The results of wind tunnel tests reveal that the broflanilide-treated male adults showed a declined percentage of the behavioral responses, including excitation, oriented flight, and source contact. However, the corresponding durations of behavioral responses in male moths were significantly increased. Further studies using electrophysiological assays demonstrate that the electroantennogram responses of broflanilide-treated male moths to the sex pheromone of Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H at 0.01 mg·mL-1 were decreased by 54.57%. Besides, when female moths were treated with a sublethal dose of broflanilide, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses demonstrates that the major sex pheromone components, Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H and Z3,epo6,Z9-18:H, in the female pheromone gland were decreased by 21.76% and 34.71% respectively compared with the control. This result reveals the suppression of sex pheromone biosynthesis in broflanilide-treated female moths. Further study by qRT-PCR analysis reveals that a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of Egri-CYP340BD1 enriched in pheromone gland was significantly up-regulated in broflanilide-treated female moths. Taken together, this study demonstrates that broflanilide treatment would manipulate the courtship of this insect pest, and the results would contribute to the design of insect-behavior-modifying technology in novel pest management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Investigation of Differential Fluorine Enrichment in Leaf Cell Walls of Different Tea Cultivars LIU Yu, YANG Peidi, ZHANG Peikai, ZHAN Wenli, LI You, YAO Suhang, ZHAO Yang, CHENG Yang, LIU Zhen, SHEN Chengwen Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 735-746.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.05.003 Abstract （203）      PDF（pc） （1735KB）（231）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plants are known to hyperaccumulate fluorine, with significant variation in fluorine accumulation among different cultivars. To explore the patterns of fluorine accumulation in tea leaf cell walls, the fluorine content in leaves of 15 tea cultivars was measured. Moreover, the contents of pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose components, and their respective fluorine contents were analyzed. The distribution of fluorine in the cell walls at different maturity stages of leaves were examined. The results indicate that pectin is a crucial component reflecting the differences in fluoride accumulation and maturity level of the cell walls among cultivars. Only the mature leaves of ‘Liancha 7', ‘Zhuyeqi' and ‘Shangmeizhouzhong' increased pectin content and fluoride content in pectin compared to the young leaves. ‘Tieguanyin' was the only cultivar with the fluoride content in pectin decreased in the mature leaves compared to the young leaves. Correlation analysis of the fluoride proportion in the cell wall components reveals that higher fluoride content in the leaves correlates with greater maturity, reflecting a trend of multi-component fluoride accumulation in the cell walls. Through a comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis, ‘Hanlü' exhibits consistently high levels of fluorine accumulation in cell walls at different maturity stages (D1-4=0.704 6, D5-8=0.928 6). ‘Fuding Dabaicha', ‘Xiangbolü', ‘Xiangbolü 2', ‘Biyun', and ‘Qianmei 702' show moderate levels of fluorine enrichment in cell walls (D1-4=0.3267-0.4861, D5-8=0.484 4~0.699 3), while ‘Yunnan Wuheidaye' and ‘Zhuyeqi' exhibit low levels of fluorine accumulation (D1-4=0.146 5-0.268 8, D5-8=0.2223-0.345 7). This study explored the regularity and difference of fluorine accumulation in tea cell walls from the perspectives of cultivar and leaf maturity, and provided insights for molecular breeding of low-fluorine tea cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Prediction and Analysis of Active Components in Tea Stem Fermented Product Based on Network Pharmacology HE Haotian, XIAO Juanjuan, TANG Yiyu, LUO Mi, LIU Zhonghua, YU Lijun Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 665-682.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.010 Abstract （159）      PDF（pc） （10639KB）（230）       Knowledge map    Save Tea stem has a significant impact on the sensory quality for Fucha fermentation product. To explore the active ingredients and targets of tea stems in Fucha, Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006 (GenBank accession number: MZ147020) was used to ferment tea stem and obtain the end products. Non-targeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS), network pharmacology, and molecular docking were used to verify the experimental results. Based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), 295 kinds of non-targeted metabolites with differential expression between the fermented tea stem and raw tea stem were identified, including 41 carbohydrates, 37 organic acids, 33 phenols and derivatives, 27 terpenoids, 26 amines, 24 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, 21 esters, 19 glyeosides, 15 flavonoids and derivatives, 14 amino acids and derivatives, 9 steroids and derivatives, 9 alkaloids, 6 phenolic acids, 6 coumarins and derivatives, 1 catechin and derivatives and 7 others. The network pharmacological analysis show that there were 16 potential active ingredients acting on 248 targets, and 13 potential central targets were obtained through Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) screening. According to the results of molecular docking, coumestrol, galangin, luteolin and crocetin were the main central active ingredients. EGFR, ESR1, SRC and PTGS2 were the main targets of tea stem fermented by Aspergillus cristatus. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Evaluation of Aroma Types and Key Aroma Components of Bud-leaf Type Yellow Tea Based on GC-O-MS ZHOU Hongyu, WANG Yuanyuan, LI Faxin, NIE Congning, FENG Dejian, ZHAO Yueling, DU Xiao Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 985-1004.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.004 Abstract （169）      PDF（pc） （1272KB）（227）       Knowledge map    Save To comprehensively analyze the characteristic aroma components of bud-leaf type yellow tea, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), sensory evaluation and chemometrics were used to determine the aroma components of bud-leaf type yellow tea. It was found that the bud-leaf yellow tea was mainly characterized by a clear and sweet aroma, which was divided into three categories of “fresh-tender aroma”, “chestnut-sweet aroma” and “sweet aroma” by sensory evaluation. A total of 119 volatile components were detected by GC-MS, and then the candidate volatiles were screened out by the VIP values of cluster analysis (HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Further, ROAV with GC-O analysis was used to clarify the key aroma components of bud-leaf type yellow tea. There were 60 characteristic aroma components with ROAV>1 in the bud-leaf type yellow tea, among which aldehydes dominated the “fresh-tender” type, alcohols dominated the “chestnut-sweet” type, 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine and 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine contributed significantly to the “sweet” type. The olfactory validation indicates that phenylethanol was the most important component for the fresh and sweet aroma of yellow tea. The key aroma of “fresh-tender” included phenylethanol, jasmine ketone, styrene, linalool, nonanal. The “chestnut-sweet aroma” was mainly derived from the components of heptanal, β-damascenone and 2-n-pentylfuran, while the “sweet aroma” was dominated by pyrazines and aldehydes, which presented a unique sweet and caramelized aroma. This study reveals the diversity of aroma components in bud-leaf type yellow tea, and elucidates the aroma differences between aroma types and their causes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Diversity Analysis of Euproctis pseudoconspersa and Its Bunyavirus (EpBYV) in China CHEN Shichun, JIANG Hongyan, LIAO Shuran, CHEN Tingxu, NIU Jinzhi, WANG Xiaoqing Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 793-806.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.05.009 Abstract （168）      PDF（pc） （3571KB）（213）       Knowledge map    Save Tea tussock moth, Euproctis pseudoconspersa, is an important pest which damages tea plants and causes human dermatitis. Euproctis pseudoconspersa bunyavirus, EpBYV, is a bunyavirus that widely distributed in different geographical populations of E. pseudoconspersa. In order to control the E. pseudoconspersa and utilize the virus resources, it is necessary to fully understand the genetic background of E. pseudoconspersa and EpBYV. In this study, 148 samples of E. pseudoconspersa larvae from 15 geographic populations were collected. COI and ND5 gene sequences of E. pseudoconspersa and RdRp sequences of EpBYV were determined. The genetic diversities of E. pseudoconspersa and EpBYV were analyzed by DnaSP 6.12.03, Arlequin 3.5.2.2 and MEGA 7.0.26. Sequence analysis of the combined sequences of COI and ND5 genes shows that 15 geographic populations have high haplotype diversity (h=0.880 68) and low nucleotide diversity (π=0.003 17). Significantly high genetic differentiation among 99 population pairs (FST>0.290, P<0.05) was identified. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) shows that the genetic differentiation of E. pseudoconspersa was mainly among populations (87.12%), and the differentiation among groups was consistent with the second and third ladder boundaries in China. Demographic history analysis suggests that the population of E. pseudoconspersa is relatively stable. RdRp sequences were successfully amplified in the 138 samples except CK population. RdRp sequence analysis reveals that the 14 geographic populations of EpBYV had high haplotype diversity (h=0.935 26) and relatively low nucleotide diversity (π=0.017 95). The 93 population pairs had significantly higher genetic differentiation (FST>0.257, P<0.05). AMOVA analysis shows that the genetic differentiation of EpBYV was mainly between populations (62.13%). Demographic history analysis reveals that EpBYV might have undergone population expansions in the past. Based on the analysis of this study, the population of E. pseudoconspersa in China is relatively stable, and there is a risk of population expansion in Chengkou, Chongqing and Ningde, Fujian. The population of EpBYV has experienced population expansion. The infection rate and population expansion ability of EpBYV in E. pseudoconspersa are high, which has good potential for biological control of E. pseudoconspersa. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Different Charcoal Baking Times on the Sensory Quality and Volatile Compounds of Dahongpao XIE He, XIAO Han, HU Tengfei, CHEN Guohe, LIU Yang, OU Xingchang, JIANG Ronggang, YU Liming, LI Qin, HUANG Jian'an, LIU Zhonghua, WANG Chao Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 960-972.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.011 Abstract （167）      PDF（pc） （1404KB）（210）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the aroma characteristics and dynamic changes of volatile compounds of Dahongpao at different charcoal baking times, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-Q-TOF/MS) were applied to analyze the volatile compounds at different charcoal baking times of 200 min, 300 min, 400 min, 500 min and 600 min (LF200, LF300, LF400, LF500 and LF600). The results show that the grassy aroma appeared in the early stage of charcoal baking, and with the extension of charcoal baking time, the grassy aroma gradually disappeared, and the floral and fruity aroma were prominent, and the floral and fruity aroma were the most porminent in the LF600 sample. A total of 304 volatile compounds were detected in Dahongpao at different charcoal baking times, among which alcohols, aldehydes and esters were the main ones. The principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) results divided the samples under different carbon baking times into three groups, and 11 major differential compounds were screened by variable important for the projection (VIP)>1 and relative odor activity value (ROAV)>1. Among them, the relative content of (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal in the grassy characteristic decreased with the extension of the charcoal baking time, while the relative contents of methyl benzoate, methyl phenylacetate, nerolidol and myrcene in the fruity characteristics increased with the extension of the charcoal baking time. The purpose of this study was to regulate the quality of Dahongpao, and to improve the drinking attributes for the subsequent production and processing of Dahongpao. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Study on the Neuroprotective Effects of Combined EGCG and L-Theanine from Tea Leaves DING Shuqia, XIE Xinya, LIU Zhusheng, LIAO Xianjun, LIU Zhonghua, CAI Shuxian Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 779-792.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20240918.001 Abstract （199）      PDF（pc） （2482KB）（199）       Knowledge map    Save Differentiated neurons need to maintain axonal growth and function in a quiescent state. Previous studies have shown that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and L-theanine can maintain the quiescent state of neurons and have neurorestorative effects, although the specific mechanisms are still unclear. In the Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell damage model, combined treatment with EGCG and L-theanine improved cell metabolism and repair capacity, enhanced cell viability and showed a significant synergistic effect. Transcriptomic and network pharmacological analyses indicate that EGCG mainly maintains the quiescent state of cells by inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating fatty acid metabolism, and mitigating amyloid protein toxicity stress. L-theanine promotes axonal growth and regulates neuronal metabolism and synaptic function. The combined application of both compounds results in a broader and milder regulation of cellular networks, reducing cellular stress. This study provided theoretical support for the neuroprotective effects of tea and its value in an aging society. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Quality Evaluation of Huoshan Huangya from the Perspective of Consumers JIANG Qing, QIU Tong, ZHAO Lei, ZHAO Xiaoyi, ZHANG Ying, CHEN Yingqi, GAN Shiya, DAI Qianying Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 655-664.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.004 Abstract （255）      PDF（pc） （1474KB）（197）       Knowledge map    Save Huoshan huangya of Anhui is commonly made from tea cultivars ‘Huoshan-jinjizhong’ and ‘Shuchazao’, with the processing methods of yellow tea and green tea. This study dealt with consumer preferences and variation of taste intensity for different cultivars and processing of Huoshan huangya using the Preferential attribute elicitation (PAE) method and Time-intensity (TI) method. In the PAE test, after the evaluators reached an agreement on the generated attributes, they ranked and assigned the intensity of sensory attributes according to the importance of their influence on preferences. The results show that the taste rank sum (115) > aroma rank sum (81) > appearance rank sum (44), and all consumers commonly selected the important descriptors: sweet aftertaste, flowery aroma and tippy. In the TI test, five descriptors were selected based on the geometric mean M value: sweet aftertaste, mellow, bitter, fresh, and astringent. Descriptors of sweet and fresh of yellow tea made from the tea cultivar ‘Huoshan-jinjizhong’ were higher than that of green tea, and descriptors of mellow, bitter, astringent were lower than those of green tea. Teas made from ‘Shuchazao’ showed the opposite trend. This study applied PAE and TI methods to clarify the important characteristics of Huoshan huangya, by observing the dynamic sensory changes of Huoshan huangya with different cultivars and different processing methods, to propose yellow tea made from ‘Huoshan-jinjizhong’ and green tea made from ‘Shuchazao’ were more suitable from the perspective of consumers. This paper scientifically guided yellow tea enterprises to organize production and sales according to local conditions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of the Pathogen Causing New Twig Wilting on Tea Plants and Screening of Control Chemicals WANG Juan, TU Yiyi, LÜ Wuyun, CHEN Yijia, LI Shipu, WANG Yuchun, CHEN Yanan Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 807-815.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.05.007 Abstract （185）      PDF（pc） （3342KB）（193）       Knowledge map    Save During summer and autumn, serious new twig wilting occurs on a large scale in ‘Jiaming No. 1' tea gardens of Ruian City, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. The disease initially appears as irregular brown spots on the twigs, which later spread to shoots and leaves, causing the tea shoots to wilt and the leaves to curl and shrink, and eventually the whole branch to die. In this study, a strain was isolated and purified using the tissue isolation method. Combining the morphological characteristics with the phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB2), and the translation elongation factor1 alpha (TEF1-α), the isolated strain was identified as Botryosphaeria fusispora. Laboratory pathogenicity tests show that B. fusispora was the pathogen causing the twig wilting disease present on ‘Jiaming No. 1'. These results indicate that B. fusispora can be a new record species causing twig wilting on tea plants. In addition, mycelial growth inhibition tests were conducted to examine the sensitivity of the pathogen to three commercial fungicides, including chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl and pyraclostrobin. Among the tested fungicides, thiophanate-methyl was found to be the most effective in suppressing the radial growth of the strain, with an EC50 of 1.91 μg·mL-1, followed by pyraclostrobin, with an EC50 of 2.25 μg·mL-1. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Differences in Physical and Chemical Indicators of Tea Product Quality Standards in China LI Wenyan, ZHANG Lin, CHEN Liyan, ZHANG Yingbin, ZHOU Sujuan, HONG Yiwei, LIANG Sichen, SUN Hongfeng, CHEN Hongping Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 843-852.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.05.006 Abstract （272）      PDF（pc） （1092KB）（192）       Knowledge map    Save Physical and chemical components, as the key substance of tea quality, to a certain extent determine the flavor, quality characteristics, and quality level of tea, thus becoming the key indicator of Chinese tea product standards. China has set up a variety of standards related to tea products, which have certain common characteristics and specificities. However, at present, there is little research on the physical and chemical indicator characteristics of Chinese tea product standards. We collected 227 national, industry, and local standards for tea and related products in China, including 20 physical and chemical indicators. Due to differences in origin, raw materials, processing technology and harvesting time, there is some variability in the requirements of physical and chemical indicators among different tea standards, but the direction of quality requirements is consistent. The number of green tea standards, as well as their physical and chemical index parameters are the most numerous and most demanding. The requirements of national standards for tea are generally lower than those of industry or local standards. Compared with national basic tea product standards, geographical indications for tea products are generally higher in terms of physical and chemical index requirements. This study provided a reference for the construction and improvement of the product quality standard system of tea products in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of Pectin Methylesterase and Its Inhibitory Subfamily Genes, and Functional Analysis of CsPME55 in Response to Fluoride Stress in Camellia sinensis XU Wenluan, WEN Xiaoju, JIA Yuxuan, NI Dejiang, WANG Mingle, CHEN Yuqiong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 869-886.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.008 Abstract （168）      PDF（pc） （9111KB）（187）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) has fluoride (F) enrichment characteristics, and F is mainly enriched in the cell wall component pectin. Pectin methylsterase (PME) and its inhibitor PMEI can catalyze the modification of pectin, thereby affecting cell wall characteristics and participating in the regulation of processes like plant growth and development, stress response and so on. In this study, 85 CsPMEs and 56 CsPMEIs were identified from the C. sinensis ‘Shuchazao’ genome, which were divided into 4 and 5 subgroups, respectively. Distinct subgroups may exhibit functional distinction due to varied gene architectures, conserved motifs and expression patterns. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis reveals that the expression levels of CsPME3a, CsPME55, CsPMEI1 and CsPMEI3 were significantly induced in the mature leaves of ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ under F treatment. Moreover, overexpression of CsPME55 alleviated Arabidopsis root growth inhibition induced by F stress, suggesting its potential role in F stress regulation in tea plants. These findings could pave the way for further research on the functional involvement of PME and PMEI gene families in F response. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select TTLD-YOLOv7: An Algorithm for Detecting Tea Diseases in An Unstructured Environment YU Shuyan, DU Xiaochen, FENG Hailin, LI Yan′e Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 453-468.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.012 Abstract （181）      PDF（pc） （1394KB）（180）       Knowledge map    Save Tea diseases have an extremely serious impact on tea plantations and related industries. Traditional methods for disease detection in the dynamic and complex tea plantation environment are inefficient and unsatisfactory. This study proposed that a YOLOv7-tiny-based model enhanced the fine-grained detection of tea tree diseases. By integrating CoordConv and ECA channel attention mechanisms, this model achieved higher spatial recognition capability in convolutional feature maps and reduced the effect of background noise on feature recognition. Further improvements included the use of a normalized Wasserstein distance metric and decoupled heads to improve the detection of small spots. A new anchor frame was generated using the K-means algorithm based on the specificity of tea spots to improve the accuracy and generalizability of the model. Comparative analysis shows that the model outperforms the existing models Faster R-CNN, SSD, YOLOv5s, YOLO-Tea, YOLOv7-tiny, and YOLOv7, with an average accuracy improvement of 5.9 percentage points to 93%. The improved model could be applied to tea disease monitoring. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of Selenium in Tea by Microwave Digestion-inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) XU Wenqi Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 1014-1022.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.007 Abstract （119）      PDF（pc） （647KB）（177）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the sensitivity and stability of microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), an accurate method for the determination of selenium in tea was established. The sensitization effects of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol etc. as sensitizers were investigated, as well as the impact of adding 0-10% n-butanol to the internal standard on the accurate determination of total selenium content in tea were tested. By optimizing the pretreatment method and ICP-MS instrument parameters, a method for the accurate detection of total selenium content in tea using microwave digestion-ICP-MS with 3% n-butanol as the sensitizer was established. This method enhances the selenium signal intensity, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the total selenium content detection in tea. To determine the optimum conditions for the determination of total selenium in tea, n-Butanol as sensitizer had lower detection limit and higher accuracy (0.001 71 mg·kg-1), and 3% n-butanol had the best sensitizing effect. It was more accurate to determine the selenium content in tea reference materials. The linear correlation coefficient R2 of selenium curve was greater than 0.999. The recovery of the added standard was from 86.0% to 104%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) was between 1.10% and 4.44%. The paired t-test shows that the P value was greater than 0.05, and there was no significant difference between the two atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. This method is simple, showing high sensitivity, low detection limit, high precision and good reproducibility. This method is suitable for the accurate determination of selenium in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Combined Drought and Low-temperature Stress on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Tea Plants and Simulation Prediction ZHAO Qian, LIU Qian, CAI-HE Jiayi, HE Jieqi, FANG Yunya, LIU Yuxin, CHEN Chao, ZHENG Yaodong, ZHANG Tianjing, YU Wenjuan, YANG Guang Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 901-916.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.010 Abstract （222）      PDF（pc） （1626KB）（175）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to investigate the effects of multiple climatic stresses on the photosynthetic efficiency of tea plants and to devise an efficient, precise stress classification system for real-time monitoring. We focused on the typical tea cultivars grown extensively in Fujian Province and systematically monitored their photosynthetic physiological responses under combined drought and low-temperature stress. Utilizing the collected data, we established a rapid stress classification method based on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and constructed a photosynthesis prediction and early warning model. The results reveal that all tested tea cultivars exhibited a significant decline in leaf photosynthetic efficiency under combined stress, with the decreasing trend displaying a clear linear relationship with increasing stress intensity. Notably, ‘Tieguanyin’ demonstrated a significantly lesser decline in photosynthetic efficiency compared to other cultivars, suggesting its robust stress tolerance. In contrast, ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ showed the least stress tolerance. By selecting photosynthetic physiological parameters highly sensitive to combined stress and employing the K-means clustering algorithm, we developed a rapid stress classification method with an accuracy exceeding 80%. Various models were then used to predict and validate the response of photosynthetic physiological indicators to environmental stress, with the Random Forest (RF) model yielding the highest accuracy. This study provided a reference for the selection and breeding of tea cultivars under diverse climatic conditions. The stress classification method enables swift categorization of combined stress in tea plants, while the RF model facilitates non-destructive monitoring and early warning of photosynthetic physiology, offering significant practical value in tea production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Bamboo Density on the Physiological Growth and Tea Quality of Tea Plants under the Moso Bamboo Forest ZHAO Jiancheng, NI Huijing, WANG Bo, CAI Chunju, YANG Zhenya Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 928-940.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.003 Abstract （148）      PDF（pc） （420KB）（170）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the adaptive mechanism of physiological growth of tea plants under different bamboo density conditions, three treatments, namely T1, T2 and T3, were set in the natural mixed forest of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] in the Mogan mountain area of Zhejiang Province, with bamboo densities of 1 200 plants·hm-2, 1 800 plants·hm-2 and 2 400 plants·hm-2, respectively, and 3 000~3 300 plants·hm-2 as the control (CK). Tea yield was evaluated, nitrogen, phosphorus, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and biomass distribution of tea tree were determined, root morphology, distribution and architecture were analyzed, and quality indicators of tea such as amino acids, theanine and tea polyphenols were tested after 2 years of cultivation. The results show that (1) compared to CK, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased tea yield by 15.96% and 18.8%, respectively, increased biomass of leaves and lateral roots, and increased the nitrogen, phosphorus and NSC contents in leaves, (2) T1, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the root length, root surface area and root length ratio of the >0-1 mm diameter grade in 0-20 cm soil layer, reduced root diameter and root length ratio of thick roots (diameter>2 mm) in 0-20 cm soil layer, increased the contents of starch and soluble sugars in lateral roots, reduced the topological index of the whole root system and increased the root tips and root fractal dimension, (3) T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the contents of amino acids, caffeine and tea polyphenols and water extract, and reduced the polyphenols-amino acid ratio. In conclusion, reasonable control of bamboo density can promote the growth of tea plants and improve the tea yield effectively. Tea plants promote the growth of leaves and lateral roots by increasing nitrogen, phosphorus and non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in leaves and lateral roots and promote root encroachment of surface soil space by increasing the proportion of fine roots, enhancing the root branch strength, reducing the cost of root construction to accommodate moderate closure conditions and interspecific competition strength. The conclusion can provide scientific basis for the management of innovation mode of tea plants under the moso bamboo forest. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Studies on the Regulation of EGCG Biosynthesis in Tea Plants by Potassium Nutrition YANG Nan, LI Zhuan, LIU Meichen, MA Junjie, SHI Yuntao, WEI Xiangning, LIN Yangshun, MAO Yuyuan, GAO Shuilian Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 887-900.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.012 Abstract （157）      PDF（pc） （4009KB）（161）       Knowledge map    Save Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an important flavor and health functional component in tea. Previous studies have found that EGCG biosynthesis in tea plants is affected by potassium nutrition, but the regulatory mechanism of its biosynthesis is currently unclear. This study used one year old tea seedlings of Huangdan as the experimental object, and set up 5 treatment groups (K1-K5), with K2SO4 concentrations of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 mmol∙L-1 and 1.2 mmol∙L-1 for irrigation, respectively. The joint analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics shows that, under low-potassium treatment (K1), the flavonoid contents in the new shoots of tea plants accumulated significantly and the EGCG content reached the highest level, and the difference reached a significant level compared with that of the high potassium treatment (K5). The related metabolites of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid on the EGCG synthesis pathway were up-regulated in the K4 or K5 treatments, whereas the downstream metabolites of the flavonoid pathway (dihydroquercetin, dihydromyricetin, colorless delphinidin pigment and epigallocatechin) were up-regulated in the K1 and K2 treatments. Under the influence of potassium nutrition, EGCG biosynthesis was positively regulated by a series of structural genes CsCHI, F3′5′H, CsF3H (CSS0019002), CsANS, CsANR, Csaro DE, CsSCPL, and transcription factor (MYB306), as well as negatively regulated by CsPAL, CsC4H, Cs4CL, CsCHS, CsF3H (CSS0016177), CsDFR (CSS0011557) and transcription factor (NAC83). It is thus clear that potassium nutrition regulates EGCG synthesis by affecting the expressions of key genes in tea plants, thereby affecting EGCG content. This study provided a scientific basis for the regulation of EGCG biosynthesis in tea plants by potassium nutrition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on Tea Bud Recognition Based on Improved YOLOv8n YANG Xiaowei, SHEN Qiang, LUO Jinlong, ZHANG Tuo, YANG Ting, DAI Yuqiao, LIU Zhongying, LI Qin, WANG Jialun Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 949-959.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.005 Abstract （177）      PDF（pc） （2530KB）（150）       Knowledge map    Save Accurate recognition of tea buds in complex natural environment is one of the key technologies to realize intelligent picking of tea buds by agricultural robots. To address the problem of low recognition accuracy of tea buds in complex environment of tea gardens, a tea bud recognition method based on improved YOLOv8n was proposed. The Honor Mobile Phone was used to collect the RGB images of tea buds, and the image annotation of tea buds was completed. The labeled data was divided according to the 8∶1∶1 radio of the training set and test set. To effectively extract bud features and reduce model redundancy calculation and memory access, FasterNet was used to replace the backbone network of YOLOv8n model for feature extraction. To suppress the background information of the tea garden environment and enhance the feature extraction ability of tea buds, the global attention mechanism (GAM) module was introduced at the end of the backbone network (after the SPPF module). To further improve the recognition accuracy of tea buds, the Context Guided (CG) module was introduced into the Neck network to learn the joint features of local features and surrounding environment of tea buds. The improved YOLOV8n algorithm was trained and tested by using the constructed tea bud data set. The ablation experiments verify that the FasterNet network, GAM attention mechanism and CG module effectively improved the recognition accuracy of the YOLOv8n model. The mean average accuracy (mAP) of the improved YOLOv8n model on the multi-category tea bud data set was 94.3%. Compared with the original YOLOv8n model, the mAP of single bud, one bud and one leaf, and one bud and two leaves of tea buds increased by 2.2, 1.6 and 2.7 percentage points, respectively. The improved YOLOv8n model was tested for performance comparison with YOLOv3-tiny, YOLOv3, YOLOv5m, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv7 and YOLOv8n models. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8n model has a higher accuracy in identifying tea buds. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved YOLOv8n model can effectively improve the accuracy of tea bud recognition and provide technical support for intelligent tea picking robots. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Changes in Cell Wall Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tea Leaves under Low Temperature Stress LIU Xiaolu, ZHU Yalan, YU Min, GAI Xinyue, FAN Yangen, SUN Ping, HUANG Xiaoqin Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 917-927.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.001 Abstract （240）      PDF（pc） （1851KB）（149）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the molecular mechanisms of tea plants in response to low temperature stress, this study simulated the spring chill temperature pattern, using ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ as the experimental material for transcriptome sequencing, and subjected it to varying low temperature treatments. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the GO and KEGG pathway databases for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, which revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in plant cell wall and metabolic pathways related to photosynthesis. Subsequently, thirteen DEGs were selected for validation via real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), confirming the consistency of the qPCR results with the transcriptome sequencing data, thereby validating the reliability of the transcriptome data. In a subsequent study, two tea cultivars, ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ and ‘Shuchazao’, were used to evaluate various physiological indices, including leaf tissue structure, the contents of various cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin), chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results indicate that the leaf tissue structures of both tea cultivars underwent different degrees of thickening in response to low-temperature stress. Notably, significant differences were observed in the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose between the two cultivars, whereas the pectin content change was less pronounced. Furthermore, the chlorophyll content, photochemical quenching coefficient, maximum photochemical efficiency, and relative electron transport rate all exhibited a downward trend. Conversely, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient showed an upward trend. These observations highlight the key role of changes in cell wall components, particularly hemicellulose, and changes in photosynthesis-related parameters in the tea plants’ response to low temperature. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Orientation and Landing of the Spiny Citrus Whiteflies Attracted by Tea Cultivar ‘Dahuangpao’ WU Yiqi, CHENG Yanjun, LIANG Yueer, LU Jianliang, HAN Shanjie, HAN Baoyu Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 941-948.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.002 Abstract （125）      PDF（pc） （536KB）（137）       Knowledge map    Save ‘Dahuangpao’ is a yellowing new tea elite cultivar with special yellow foliage. The adults of spiny citrus whitefly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus, is keen on flying to tea cultivars whose leaf color is bright and shining with yellow chroma being slightly high. Especially, the whiteflies preferred to directionally fly to and gather on ‘Dahuangpao’ tea shoots for mating, chasing, oviposition, piercing and sucking sap, secreting and resting. In order to reveal its taxis mechanism, the volatiles of the tea seedlings were collected by headspace aeration sampling method from which twenty compounds were identified. Among them methyl salicylate, linalool, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, n-hexanol and tran-2-hexenal significantly attracted the adults of the whiteflies in a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay, respectively. Within resting habitat in greenhouse, ‘Dahuangpao’ tea seedling models baited by the five infochemicals at equal ratio intensely attracted the adults in flight. This study demonstrated the five volatile compounds from ‘Dahuangpao’ tea seedlings were strongly attractive to the adults. And the combination of these volatiles with the special yellow leaf colour, and the shape of tea plants resulted in orientation and landing of adults onto ‘Dahuangpao’ tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Assessment of Cultural Ecosystem Services of Xihu Longjing Tea Gardens based on Social Media Data YANG Hao, TANG Jianuan, DU Shuqi, ZHANG Dou, HU Guang Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 169-180.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.013 Abstract （153）      PDF（pc） （1339KB）（134）       Knowledge map    Save As a regional agricultural and cultural landscape, tea gardens can not only produce high economic value, but also provide people with a variety of ecosystem cultural services such as recreation, education and spiritual healing. However, the efficient and accurate identification and quantification of the ecosystem cultural services of tea garden landscapes remain a challenging research issue. This study took the Xihu Longjing tea gardens in Hangzhou as a case study. By selecting travel blogs and short articles from online social media platforms such as Ctrip and Sina Weibo, and utilizing keyword frequency and semantic network analysis, we quantitatively assessed the ecosystem cultural services of the Xihu Longjing tea gardens based on public cultural perception. Grounded theory was used to construct an evaluation index system for the tea garden's ecosystem cultural services, and the Importance-Performance model was employed to analyze the structure and quality of tourists' cultural experience elements. The results indicate that tourists pay high attention to specific scenic spots, cultural perceptions, and environmental perceptions within the Xihu Longjing tea gardens. Their perceptions reflected a cultural cognitive model centered on the tea garden's attractions, with cultural experiences extending outward. Overall, tourists had a positive satisfaction rating towards the cultural services of the tea garden ecosystem, with the highest satisfaction related to the pleasure and relaxation experienced. However, there are significant perceptual differences in tourists' attention and satisfaction with different categories of cultural services in tea gardens, especially in the cultural service of ‘enjoying the beautiful scenery’ that tourists are most concerned about, their satisfaction is lower than the overall average level. Therefore, future planning and management should prioritize the enhancement and improvement of the aesthetic quality of the tea gardens. This paper proposed a method for identifying and evaluating the ecosystem cultural services of tea gardens using social media data from the public perception perspective. This approach proposed technical support for the optimization and sustainable, diversified development of tea gardens and other cultural landscapes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Aged Liupao Tea against Aβ25-35-induced PC12 Cell Damage NIE Qing, PANG Yuelan, WU Huan, DING Shuqia, ZHONG Keyu, LIU Zhonghua, CAI Shuxian Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 1005-1013.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20241203.001 Abstract （133）      PDF（pc） （1356KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, an Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell damage model was established to investigate the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of aged Liupao tea (ALPT), with green tea (GT) as a reference. The results show that Aβ25-35 significantly reduced PC12 cell viability, induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and promoted the formation of toxic aggregates and related pathways. ALPT markedly improved cell survival, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and significantly inhibited the accumulation of toxic aggregates and the formation of related pathways. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis reveals that the overall gene expression pattern in the ALPT treatment group was the opposite to that in the Aβ25-35 group, with upregulated genes involved in mitophagy, glycolysis and glycerophospholipid metabolism, and downregulated genes associated with cell cycle regulation, ribosomal function, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and cellular senescence. Overall, both GT and ALPT exhibited significant protective effects against Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell damage, though transcriptomic differences suggest that ALPT may have superior bioavailability due to its active components. This study provided experimental evidence for the potential application of ALPT in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Optimization and Application of Analysis Method for Volatile Enantiomers in ‘Jinxuan’ Roasted Green Tea ZHANG Shuyi, MA Chengying, CHEN Wei, MIAO Aiqing, QIAO Xiaoyan, LIN Dongchun, XIA Hongling, XU Jingyi Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (6): 973-984.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.06.006 Abstract （149）      PDF（pc） （1542KB）（123）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the changes in volatile enantiomers during the drying of ‘Jinxuan’ roasted green tea, an optimized method using headspace solid-phase microextraction-enantioselective-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-Es-GC-MS) was applied for qualitative and quantitative enantiomer analysis. The chemometric evaluation was also performed on four roasted green tea samples dried at 120 ℃ for different durations (30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min). The optimal HS-SPME conditions were found to be: addition of NaCl (3 mL, 3 mol·L-1, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶6, extraction temperature of 60 ℃, and extraction time of 25 min. The optimal temperature program for Es-GC-MS was as follows: initial temperature at 35 ℃ held for 2 min, then ramped up to 110 ℃ at 4 ℃ min-1 and held for 10 min, followed by a further increase to 210 ℃ at 4 ℃ min-1. Using an optimized method to analyze four ‘Jinxuan’ roasted green tea samples, a total of 8 enantiomers were detected, with no change in the types as drying time increased. Among them, the contents of R-(-)-linalool and S-(+)-linalool increased with the drying process, while the contents of the other 6 enantiomers began to decline after 60 min or 90 min. Hierarchical cluster analysis and partial least squares discrimination analysis show that the samples with different drying times were obviously classified into four groups. Based on variable importance in projection (VIP) >1 and significance analysis, four different enantiomers were screened, and their VIP values were ranked in descending order as R-(-)-linalool, (2R,5S)-theaspirane B, (2R,5R)-theaspirane A, and S-(+)-linalool. This study provided a reference for improving aroma quality and selecting drying processes during the roasting of green tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparative Metabolome Analysis of the Main Chemical Compositions in Qingzhuan Tea with Different Storage Years MA Mengjun, HU Xinlong, QIU Shouzhe, ZHANG Ruiming, TANG Huishan, LIU Chen, YU Ziming, LI Jing, WANG Mingle Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 133-144.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.011 Abstract （157）      PDF（pc） （1968KB）（114）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the effects of storage years on the quality of Qingzhuan tea, 5 samples produced in 2022, 2019, 2014, 2009 and 2002 were analyzed by tea sensory evaluation combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The sensory evaluation results show that with the extension of storage time, the appearance of Qingzhuan tea was gradually browning, the color of tea infusion was deepened, the aging flavor was progressively unveiled and the taste became more mellow, resulting in the quality improvement of Qingzhuan tea. Further metabolome analysis reveals that a total of 189 kinds of characteristic compounds were identified from Qingzhuan tea samples, which mainly included flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids, alkaloids and catechins. Moreover, 26 key differentially accumulated metabolites were identified using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), including 5 alkaloids, 2 amino acids, 8 catechins, 9 flavonoids, 1 organic acid and 1 pigment substance. Among them, the contents of 8 catechin monomers decreased with the extension of storage years, while the contents of 7 flavonoids initially increased and subsequently decreased during the aging years. Hence, it was speculated that the two kinds of substances might result in the quality difference of Qingzhuan tea with different storage years. In addition, the contents of caffeic acid, lactobionic acid, linolenic acid, theophylline and betaine increased with the extension of aging years, which might also contribute to the nutrition and drinking value of Qingzhuan tea. In summary, this study analyzed the effect of aging time on the quality components of Qingzhuan tea, which shed light on the aging process of Qingzhuan tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Simultaneous Determination of 27 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Tea by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Integrated QuEChERS Purification YAO Leijun, CHEN Yanqiu, LIN Hao, WANG Luyao, SHI Peiyu, ZHANG Yangyang, HUANG Ting, SONG Juan, WANG Yi, DAI Qin, LIU Chuan Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (5): 831-842.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.05.005 Abstract （186）      PDF（pc） （674KB）（111）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, an integrated QuEChERS purification-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established to detect 27 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in tea, taking into account the residual risk of PAs in tea and the challenges of traditional QuEChERS. The method involves extracting the sample with 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, salting out using the centrifuge tube integrated salt bag and Down-Pressure QuEChERS Cleanup, detecting by multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM), and quantifying it using the matrix-matched external standard method. The 27 PAs exhibit a strong linear relationship within their concentration ranges, with average recovery rates ranging from 73.0% to 111.8% and relative standard deviations from 1.6% to 13.8% (n=6). This method has the characteristics of simple operation, large detection throughput, high sensitivity, and reduction of repeated opening of the traditional QuEChERS, meeting the monitoring requirements for PAs in tea. During the actual testing of 60 batches of samples, different levels of PAs were detected in some tea samples, proving that there is indeed a risk of these plant toxins in tea, and continuous monitoring and tracking is recommended. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Community Composition and Diversity of Ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) at Different Altitudes in Chaozhou Dancong Tea Regions LI Zailin, PENG Feng, WANG Xingmin, CHEN Xiaosheng Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 99-109.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.012 Abstract （107）      PDF（pc） （437KB）（96）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the community composition and species diversity of ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the Chaozhou Dancong tea region, the species diversity of the family Coccinellidae was investigated in tea gardens at different altitudes. This study used comparative morphology and biodiversity index analysis methods to analyze the species composition, community structure, dominant species, relative abundance, and community diversity index of ladybirds from tea gardens at different altitudes, aiming to explore the relationship between ladybird communities and altitudes in the Chaozhou tea regions. A total of 63 sampling sites were set up for the investigation of ladybirds as natural enemies in tea gardens, with a collection of 1 132 specimens identified into 45 species belonging to 26 genera in 12 tribes. The results show that Sasajiscymnus kuriharai Kitano, 2012 was the dominant species of ladybird community in the Chaozhou tea region, with a relative abundance reaching 50.80%. Furthermore, the analysis results of biodiversity indices of ladybird community at different altitudes reveal that the low-altitude tea gardens had the richest species diversity among these communities with higher values for diversity index (2.48), richness index (5.07) and evenness index (0.73), while having the lowest dominance index (0.17). These results suggest that there is a more stable ladybird community with rich species, even distribution and balanced competitive relationships exists in the low-altitude regions encompassing Chaozhou’s tea gardens. These findings provided a theoretical basis for green pest control and ecological conservation practices in the Chaozhou Dancong tea region. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on Performance Optimization of Tea Residue Powder-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator and It’s Application in Wind Monitoring System LIN Dongyi, HUANG Chong, WANG Weiming, HUANG Yan, FENG Xinkai Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 121-132.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.010 Abstract （101）      PDF（pc） （2928KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save A new type of tea residue powder based triboelectric nanogenerator (TRP-TENG) was developed, and a smart wind monitoring device was developed based on it. During the experimental process, tea residue ultrafine powders with different degrees of fermentation were used as friction film materials to prepare different triboelectric nanogenerators. The differences in electrical output performance were tested and compared on a horizontal reciprocating stamping platform to find the optimal material for TRP-TENG and to optimize the device. On this basis, further testing and analysis were conducted on the optimized TRP-TENG in terms of frequency response, load characteristics, sustainability, and power supply capacity to evaluate its feasibility for application in wind monitoring devices. The experimental results show that the TRP-TENG developed with white tea residue as the material had the best electrical output performance, with an open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of 9.1 V and 4.4 µA, respectively, and had a certain degree of stability. The contents of tea polyphenols and catechins in white tea residue were relatively high, while the contents of tea pigments were low. The corresponding TRP film had a loose and porous concave-convex surface microstructure, which could effectively increase the contact area and help improve the electrical output performance of TENG. This TRP-TENG could adapt to various vibration frequency working environments, and when the external resistance was 50 MΩ, the electrical output power reached 108.0 µW. At a driving frequency of 3 Hz, it could simultaneously light up 5 series connected commercial LED lights, and it could make the electronic timer work continuously for 15 s after charging the 10 µF capacitor for 5 min. In terms of application, a self-powered wind monitoring device was developed based on four series of connected TRP-TENG components. The test results show that this device has a significant response sensitivity to wind speed and can be applied to smart agriculture systems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Leaching Behavior and Risk Assessment of Seven Different Polar Pesticides in Green Tea during Brewing XU Jinping, DU Xuemei, LÜ Wanyi, ZHU Lei, ZHANG Danyang, CHEN Hongping, CHEN Ling, CHAI Yunfeng Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 157-168.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.005 Abstract （125）      PDF（pc） （281KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save Seven pesticides, including dinotefuran, difenoconazole, tolfenpyrad, chlorfenapyr, bifenthrin, diafenthiuron and glyphosate are registered and widely used as chemical pesticides on tea plants in China. These pesticides are key monitoring objects for pesticide residue risk assessment in tea. In this study, gas chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used to monitor the leaching rates of seven pesticides during green tea brewing. The results show that the leaching rates of pesticides in tea infusion were related to water solubility and octanol/water partition coefficient. Dinotefuran and glyphosate were easily soluble in water, so their average leaching rates in tea infusion were higher than 70%. The water solubilities of the other five pesticides were lower, and their average leaching rates were less than 11.3%. There were significant differences in the leaching rates of different pesticides during the first and second infusions. With the exception of bifenthrin, the average leaching rates of other six pesticides of the first infusion were 0.89-2.55 times that of the second infusion. A risk assessment of green tea made from fresh leaves 10 days after pesticide spraying was performed. According to the toxicity and human exposure risk assessment of pesticides, the risk of human health impact from ingesting seven residual pesticides through drinking green tea soup was relatively low, and the cumulative hazard quotient of the seven pesticides was only 4.1%. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Screening of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria in the Rhizosphere of Tea Gardens and Their Effects on Tea Yield, Quality and Soil Properties MA Xueqing, WU Huawei, CAO Chunxia, ZHENG Jiaoli Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 110-120.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.001 Abstract （157）      PDF（pc） （550KB）（76）       Knowledge map    Save The purpose of this study was to screen phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with the ability to produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) from the rhizosphere of tea gardens. The rhizosphere soil was collected from Yingshan Couty and Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture tea gardens in Hubei Province, and the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were screened by plate transparent circle method. The phosphate-solubilizing and IAA-producing abilities were used as indicators for re-screening. The strains were identified by morphological characteristics and 16 S rDNA sequence analysis, and their growth-promoting characteristics were studied. The effects of strains on tea yield, quality and soil properties were studied by field experiments. The results show that the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium DFP-24 screened from the rhizosphere soil of tea plants had good IAA-producing ability and was identified as Burkholderia arboris. At the same time, the strain had the growth-promoting characteristics such as siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase production and nitrogen fixation ability. Field experiments show that the application of DFP-24 strain could increase the density of tea buds, significantly increase the total phosphorus content of tea, increase the free amino acid content of tea, reduce the ratio of phenol to ammonia, affect the quality of tea, and improve the soil properties. In summary, the strain DFP-24 has the application potential to develop microbial fertilizers. The research results could provide strain resources and theoretical basis for the development and application of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterial fertilizer for tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Bioinformatic Analysis of DREB Genes and Regulation of CsPOD3 on Drought Tolerance Mechanisms in Camellia sinensis XU Rong, DENG Zhiying, SHAO Chenyu, LUO Yuqi, QIU Shuqi, WANG Cong, ZHOU Linghong, LIU Zhonghua, SHEN Chengwen Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 29-42.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.002 Abstract （172）      PDF（pc） （1570KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the previous transcriptome data of the research group, three genes, CsDREB11, CsDREB15, and CsDREB25, were screened. Verified by RT-qPCR, their expressions were induced by drought. The phylogenetic tree, physical and chemical properties, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, secondary and tertiary structures, and subcellular localization were predicted and analyzed. The results show that CsDREB11, CsDREB15, and CsDREB25 are most closely related to their homolog genes in Camellia lanceoleosa. They are all unstable hydrophilic proteins. Random coils and α-helices dominate the secondary/tertiary structures. Their subcellular localizations are located in the nucleus. The preliminary study of the subject found that both CsDREB25 and CsPOD3 were highly expressed and significantly correlated under drought conditions, suggesting that there was an interaction between them. Through Y1H, DLA, and LCI experiments, it was verified that CsDREB25 can positively regulate the expression of CsPOD3, increase the activity of POD, remove excessive reactive oxygen species, and improve the drought tolerance of tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Predation and Predilection of Eocanthecona furcellata to Larvae of Scopula subpunctaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) CHEN Junhua, WEN Xinru, WANG Chenxu, ZHANG Qiaoqiao, LIU Hongmin, NING Wanguang, GUO Shibao Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 87-98.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.009 Abstract （98）      PDF（pc） （441KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save The present study aimed to evaluate the biological control potential of Eocanthecona furcellata against the 2nd to 4th instar Scopula subpunctaria larvae. Indoor experiments were conducted to determine the predatory functional responses and searching efficiency of male and female adults of E. furcellata on 2nd-4th instar S. subpunctaria larvae. Additionally, the intraspecific interference effects of male and female adults of E. furcellata on the 3rd-4th instar S. subpunctaria larvae were investigated, as well as the predatory preferences of male and female adults of E. furcellata and 5th instar nymphs towards larvae of Ectropis grisescens and S. subpunctaria . The results show that both male and female adults of the E. furcellata were able to prey on the 2nd-4th instar S. subpunctaria larvae, and the predation response was consistent with the Holling Ⅱ and Holling Ⅲ models. The control efficiency of male and female adults of the E. furcellat against the S. subpunctaria is shown as female adults>male adults, with the female adult of the E. furcellat having the highest control efficiency against the 2nd instar S. subpunctaria (37.044). In the fitted Holling Ⅲ model, the daily maximum predation rates for the 2nd instar S. subpunctaria larvae were 15.823 and 12.547, respectively, and the optimal searching densities were 4.971 and 6.836 per box, respectively. The searching effect of the E. furcellat on S. subpunctaria larvae indicates that the searching efficiency gradually increased with the decrease of prey density. In addition, in the presence of both the E. grisesens and the S. subpunctaria, both male and female adults and 5th instar nymphs of E. furcellata preferred to feed on the S. subpunctaria larvae. At the same time, the predation of S. subpunctaria larvae by male and female adults of the E. furcella was affected by their own density, and the interference coefficient when preying on the 3rd instar S. subpunctaria larvae was greater than that preying on the 4th instar S. subpunctaria larvae. This result provided a research basis for the biological control application of the E. furcellat in tea gardens. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Structural Characteristics and Codon Usage Biase of the Mitochondrial Genome in Tea Cultivar ‘Damianbai’ YIN Minghua, ZHANG Mutong, XU Zilin, OUYANG Qian, WANG Meixuan, LI Wenting Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 61-78.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.006 Abstract （110）      PDF（pc） （10684KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Damianbai’ is a national cultivar in Guangxin District, Shangrao. Its mitochondrial genome structure and codon preference are still unclear. Using ‘Damianbai’ as the experimental material, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence, assemble, and annotate the entire mitochondrial genome of ‘Damianbai’. Bioinformatics software was used to analyze the structural characteristics and codon preferences of its mitochondrial genome. The results show that the mitochondrial genome of ‘Damianbai’ was 886 354 bp in length, with a complete single circular molecule structure and a GC content of 45.76%. A total of 78 functional genes were annotated in the mitochondrial genome of ‘Damianbai’, including 41 protein-coding genes, 33 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. A total of 59 SSRs (mainly A/T single nucleotide repeats) and 100 Long repeats (mainly positive and palindromic repeats) were detected in the mitochondrial genome of ‘Damianbai’. The codon bias of the mitochondrial genome in ‘Damianbai’ is relatively weak, with a preference for codons ending in A or U. The codon usage bias of the mitochondrial genome of ‘Damianbai’ is mainly influenced by natural selection, and is less affected by internal mutation pressure. The optimal codons for the mitochondrial genome of ‘Damianbai’ are 14 (AAU, GAU, CAU, UUU, AUU, GCU, GGA, ACU, GUU, CGA, UUA, UUG, UCA, UCU). The mitochondrial genomes of 11 closely related species exhibit high homology with the mitochondrial genome of ‘Damianbai’ in the gene region. The mitochondrial genomes of ‘Damianbai’ and ‘Lingyunbaihao’ (ON782577) have the highest collinearity, and their gene arrangement orders are basically the same. There are 62 highly homologous gene fragments between the mitochondrial genome and chloroplast genome of ‘Damianbai’. ‘Damianbai’ and ‘Lingyunbaihao’ belong to a small branch separately, indicating they are closely related. This study analyzed the mitochondrial genome sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of ‘Damianbai’, providing a reference for strengthening the identification of ‘Damianbai’ germplasm and the development and utilization of its resource diversity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning of BZR1 Gene Family in Tea Plants and Molecular Mechanism Study of CsBZR1-5 Response to Drought Stress DONG Yuan, ZHANG Yongheng, XIAO Yezi, YU Youben Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 15-28.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.004 Abstract （149）      PDF（pc） （1374KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save The BZR1 transcription factor is a key transcription factor in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, playing an important regulatory role in plant growth, development, and stress response. This study identified and cloned six members of the BZR1 family in tea plants based on genomic data. Their gene structures, subcellular localization of encoded proteins, and transcriptional activation activities were analyzed, and their expression patterns under different tissues and drought stress were explored. The results show that the number of introns in the 6 BZR1 members of tea plants was 2 or 3, and their encoded proteins all contained typical bHLH characteristic structural domains. Subcellular localization analysis shows that except for CsBZR1-1, which was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, all other CsBZR1s were localized in the nucleus. Transcriptional activation activity analysis shows that CsBZR1s exhibited transcriptional activation activity in yeast. The analysis of expression patterns in different tissues shows that CsBZR1s had specificity in expression in different tissues of tea plants, among which the expression patterns of CsBZR1-1 and CsBZR1-6 were relatively similar. The expression pattern analysis under drought stress shows that all six CsBZR1 genes were responsive to drought stress. The expression of CsBZR1-5 was continuously induced by drought stress simulated by PEG. In addition, the expression pattern of the key enzyme gene CsNCED1 in ABA synthesis pathway was highly similar to that of CsBZR1-5 under drought stress. The analysis of Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) found that CsBZR1-5 can bind to the E-box element on the CsNCED1 promoter, indicating that CsBZR1-5 may be involved in regulating the response of CsNCED1 to drought stress. This study systematically analyzed the basic characteristics and functions of six CsBZR1 members, laying the foundation for further elucidating the regulatory roles of CsBZR1 members in tea plant growth and development and drought stress response. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of Tea ICE Gene Family and Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsICE43 under Low-temperature ZHU Qian, SHAO Chenyu, ZHOU Biao, LIU Shuoqian, LIU Zhonghua, TIAN Na Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 43-60.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.007 Abstract （127）      PDF（pc） （2782KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, extreme low-temperature weather has frequently occurred worldwide, significantly affecting the yield and quality of tea plants. The ICE (Inducer of CBF expression) gene family plays a crucial role in the low-temperature stress response of plants. However, research specifically focused on tea plants is still limited. This study identified 51 ICE genes from the tea genome and performed a bioinformatics analysis to examine their physical and chemical properties, gene structure, and promoter cis-acting elements. The promoter regions of the CsICE genes are rich in cis-acting elements related to light response, plant hormones, growth and development, and abiotic stress, suggesting their involvement in various stress responses. Transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR verification indicate that the expression of the CsICE43 increased 4.24 folds under low-temperature conditions, highlighting its potential role in the low-temperature response of tea plants. To further investigate this, the cDNA of tea cultivar‘Baojing Golden Tea No. 1’ was used as a template to clone the CsICE43 gene. Its expression varied across tissues, with exceptionally high levels observed in terminal buds and young leaves. Further amino acid sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis indicate that the CsICE43 gene contains conserved domains such as S-rich, bHLH, and ACT, which are consistent with other members of the ICE family. It is closely related to Actinidia eriantha. The STRING online database utilized Arabidopsis thaliana AtICEs to hypothesize potential interactions between CsICE proteins and HOS1, MYB15, and DREB1/2. Subcellular localization experiments demonstrate that CsICE43 is located in the nucleus, which is consistent with the findings from the transmembrane structure analysis. In summary, this study suggests that the CsICE43 gene may be associated with the low-temperature response in tea plants, providing a theoretical foundation for further exploration of its gene function and the molecular mechanisms underlying cold resistance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate Against Hantaan Virus LUO Lulu, ZHAO Yuexi, WANG Yanbo, XING Yi, QI Yang, MA Hongwei, CHENG Linfeng, ZHANG Fanglin Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 145-156.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.014 Abstract （107）      PDF（pc） （2046KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the Hantaan virus (HTNV) both in vitro and in vivo, and to identify the potential targets of EGCG against HTNV using molecular docking. First, the cytotoxicity of EGCG was determined using a cell viability assay. Then, EGCG was administered for treatment at different time points during HTNV infection, and the viral expression of HTNV in A549 cells was detected by western blotting, real-time PCR, indirect immunofluorescence, and focus formation assay (FFA) at 24 h and 48 h. Molecular docking was conducted using Autodock Vina software. Finally, the challenged nude mice were administered high, medium, and low doses of EGCG via gavage, and their body weight and survival rates were measured. The results indicate that the administration of 100 μmol·L-1 EGCG effectively inhibited HTNV infection in vitro, primarily affecting the adsorption stage of HTNV. The molecular docking results demonstrate that EGCG could interact with HTNV Gn and Gc, with binding energies of ﹣9.0 kcal·mol-1 and ﹣7.1 kcal·mol-1, respectively. High, medium, and low doses of EGCG (50.0, 25.0, 12.5 mg·kg-1) effectively reduced the mortality rate of challenged nude mice, and significantly mitigated weight loss in these mice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of the Larval Instar Numbers of the Ectropis grisescens at Different Temperatures TANG Meijun, LI Hong, ZHANG Xinxin, JIANG Hongxin, WANG Zhibo, GUO Huawei, XIAO Qiang Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (1): 79-86.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.008 Abstract （127）      PDF（pc） （626KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save Ectropis grisescens is one of the most harmful pests in tea plantations, characterized by its frequent annual occurrences and considerable damage. The understanding of the larval instar number remains still elusive. To clarify the relationship between the larval instars of Ectropis grisescens and temperature, the differences in larval instar and the fertility indexes including developmental duration, pupal weight and sex ratio of different larval instar populations were measured at five different temperatures ( 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 ℃) in the climate incubators. The results show that the E. grisescens were 4 (molting 3 times, referred to as the 4th instar) or 5 (molting 4 times, referred to as the 5th instar) larval instars at each temperature from 21 ℃ to 29 ℃. At 21 ℃ and 23 ℃, there was no significant differences between the proportion of 5th instar and 4th instar. When the temperature exceeded 25 ℃, the proportion of 5th instar was significantly higher than that of 4th instar, reaching 67.4%-78.6%. Temperature had a significant effect on the developmental duration, pupal weight of the 5th and 4th instars, but had no significant effect on the sex ratio of male and female. At the same temperature, the larval period of the 5th instar was longer than the 4th instar, the pupal weight increased, and the sex ratio increased significantly. This study indicates that the larval instars of E. grisescens were 4 or 5, and the proportion of 5th instar larvae increased with the increase of temperature. This may be a survival strategy of E. grisescens to deal with adverse environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on Foam Generation Mechanism and Control Technology of Tea Beverages HUANG Shanyoumei, LIN Dongyi, MA Chengying, RONG Jiefeng, SUN Weijiang, HUANG Yan Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 181-190.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20250311.001 Abstract （83）      PDF（pc） （420KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save During the processing of tea beverages, a considerable amount of foam is generated, which adversely affects the quality, stability, and appearance of the products and is a major challenge for the industry. Proper understanding and management of the causes of foam generation and control technologies are critical to optimizing the production process. This article systematically examined the fundamental theory of foam generation and analyzed the impact of various factors such as tea components, temperature and pH levels on this process. Additionally, it outlined different methods for foam elimination, discussed defoaming principles, and categorized commonly used anti-foaming agents in the food industry, intending to provide valuable references for optimizing tea beverage processing technology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Spatiotemporal Changes of Amino Acids and Polyphenols in Leaves and Stems during Tea Withering CHENG Haiyan, TU Linyue, CHEN Lin, XU An'an, XIE Hengtong, XU Ping Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 303-317.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.02.009 Abstract （44）      PDF（pc） （3576KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save Changes in amino acids and polyphenols in leaves and stems during withering are critical for the formation of the material basis of tea flavor. This study systematically analyzed the differential accumulation patterns of amino acids and polyphenols in tea leaves and stems , as well as their changes during withering. The results show that the phenol-ammonia ratio in the leaves (4.66-6.36) was higher than that in the stems (1.97-2.59) during withering. The free amino acid content in tender stems (7.44%) was significantly higher than that in fresh leaves (2.22%). A total of 44 amino acids and their derivatives show differential accumulation between the two tissues, of which three (theanine, aminobutyric acid, and pipecolic acid) were found to be highly accumulated in the stems. No significant difference in total tea polyphenol content was observed between fresh leaves and tender stems. However, 97 polyphenolic compounds show differential accumulation between the two tissues. Gallate-type catechins and most flavonols and flavonol glycosides were more highly accumulated in the leaves, whereas non-gallate-type catechins were more abundant in the stems. During the withering process, the total content of free amino acids increased in the leaves but it continued to decrease in the stems. A total of 21 and 15 amino acids and derivatives underwent significant changes during the withering process in leaves and stems, respectively. The changing trends of tea polyphenol content in leaves and stems were relatively consistent, with 49 and 35 polyphenolic compounds showing significant changes during withering, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the leaf-stem ratio in tea raw materials plays a critical role in the formation of tea quality during subsequent processing, providing a theoretical basis for the development of withering regulation technologies based on leaf-to-stem ratio considerations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Visualisation Research of Anhua Dark Tea Cultural Gene Map ZHANG Lichun, XIAO Lizheng, NIU Li, WU Bo, ZHU Haiyan, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 346-360.   Abstract （44）      PDF（pc） （1409KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save Anhua dark tea embodies a profound culture that holds immense historical and practical value. This study applies the “cultural gene theory” and adheres to four identification principles: intrinsic uniqueness, extrinsic uniqueness, local distinctiveness, and overall superiority. It explores ecology, production, product, as well as storage and transport “genes” at the material cultural levels. In addition, it explores life-related, art, history humanities and spiritual core “genes” at the spiritual cultural level. This study extracted cultural elements, collected instances of these elements, and constructed an ontology model with the Protégé software. It presented the relational and hierarchical relationships of Anhua dark tea culture through visualization techniques, achieving the visualization of the cultural gene map of Anhua dark tea, and analyzed its application value in cultural inheritance, artistic aesthetics and brand building. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Genetic Diversity of 78 Tea Germplasm Resources in Hunan Based on Agronomic Traits and SNP Molecular Markers GUO Jialu, QU Furong, CAI Tianchen, ZHAO Yang, YANG Peidi, LIU Yong, ZHOU Yuebin, LIU Zhen Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 219-233.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.02.002 Abstract （39）      PDF（pc） （1898KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the genetic diversity of tea germplasm resources in Hunan Province, explore the genetic structure of germplasm resources for accurate identification and evaluation, genotyping by targeted sequencing (GBTS) was used to genotype and analyze the genetic diversity of 76 252 SNP loci in 78 tea germplasm resources in Hunan Province. A total of 30 agronomic traits and 15 biochemical components of this batch of resources were accurately identified. The results show that there was abundant genetic variation among 78 tea germplasm resources in Hunan Province, with a genetic diversity index of 0.07-2.08 for phenotypic traits and a coefficient of variation of 2.26%-47.50%. The smallest was the number of calyxs and the largest was the depth of leaf serration. The genetic diversity index of the biochemical components was 1.36-2.09, and the coefficient of variation was 5.90%-118.49%, with the smallest being water extract and the largest being gallic acid. When the Euclidean distance was 20, the 78 tea germplasm resources could be divided into five groups, and there were significant differences in leaf length, leaf size, leaf base shape, ratio of polyphenols/amino acids, GA, THEO, GC, EGC, EC, EGCG, GCG and ECG in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Based on the genotype detection results of 78 resources, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, and 78 resources could be divided into three groups. At the same time, this study identified 23 tea resources with specific phenotypic traits, high levels of functional components such as amino acids, theobromine and caffeine. The results of this study could provide a basis for the protection and utilization of tea germplasm resources in Hunan. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of the L-type Lectin Receptor Kinase Gene Family in Camellia sinensis and Its Response to Tea Brown Blight and Tea Anthracnose LI Yuexin, YAN Donghai, ZHANG Jinfeng, PU Yundan, LI Shuai, MENG Zehong Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 253-265.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.02.001 Abstract （36）      PDF（pc） （4483KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save L-type lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRKs) constitute a significant subfamily of plant receptor-like kinases, playing pivotal roles in plant development and immune responses. In this study, the CsLecRK gene family was systematically identified and analyzed in Camellia sinensis to explore their functions in growth, development and disease resistance. A total of 59 L-type CsLecRKs containing PF00069 and PF00139 domains were identified through HMMsearch analysis. Phylogenetic analysis shows these genes could be classified into 5 subgroups, revealing notable differences in exon-intron structures among the subgroups. Promoter region analysis shows enrichment of cis-acting elements associated with hormone responses and stress signaling pathways. Transcriptome data reveals that L-type CsLecRKs exhibited differential expressions in different tea plant tissues. qRT-PCR validation demonstrates that CsLecRK IV.1.2 and CsLecRK S.5 were significantly upregulated during the early stage of Colletotrichum camelliae infection and the later stages of Pestalotiopsis spp. infection. Notably, their expression levels were substantially higher in the resistant cultivar ‘Qianmei 419’ compared to the susceptible cultivar ‘Qianmei 818’, indicating their critical involvement in the immune response to pathogen infection. This study highlighted the critical mechanisms of L-type CsLecRKs in tea plant defenses against brown blight and anthracnose, elucidated the expression profiles of CsLecRK IV.1.2 and CsLecRK S.5 during pathogen infection, and demonstrated their potential to enhance disease resistance by activating the tea plant immune system. These findings provided valuable genetic resources and theoretical support for molecular breeding as well as green disease control strategies in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Impacts and Regulatory Mechanisms of Forest Conversion to Tea Plantations and Their Management on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools HUANG Fuyin, ZHANG Shaobo, HU Qiang, LUO Ying, DONG Yajie, ZHANG Jie, LI Xin, FU Jianyu, WANG Huasen, YAN Peng Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 234-252.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.02.004 Abstract （44）      PDF（pc） （3259KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigated how the conversion of forests to tea plantations and associated management practices affect the dynamics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions across soil profiles in tea agroecosystems, with a focus on fungal community-mediated regulatory mechanisms. We compared forest soils with tea plantation soils under low-, medium-, and high-intensity fertilization regimes. Soil cores were systematically collected from four depth intervals (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm) to analyze vertical stratification of C/N fractions, nutrient stoichiometry, and fungal community composition. The results reveal that tea plantations management significantly enhanced soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the 0-10 cm soil layer compared to forest soil. Under high-input conditions, total carbon and nitrogen reached 46.57 g·kg-1 and 5.13 g·kg-1, respectively, increasing by 68.12% and 88.60% compared to low-input tea plantations. Land-use conversion and fertilization intensity gradients in tea plantations significantly modified fungal community structure and composition, with these changes being mainly driven by soil nutrient availability, including available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and total nitrogen (TN). In addition, fungal richness demonstrates a progressive decline across soil depth gradients (0-60 cm). Further analyses reveals that Dothideomycetes and Umbelopsidiomycetes exhibited significant positive correlations with soil C and N fractions, whereas Mortierellomycetes, Geminibasidiomycetes and Mucoromycotina_cls_Incertae_sedis showed pronounced negative correlations. Variations in the relative abundance of these taxa may strongly influence carbon and nitrogen cycling in tea plantation soils. Therefore, the conversion of forests to tea plantations and different fertilization management practices regulate soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation by influencing the structure of soil fungal communities and the abundance of dominant taxa. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Design and Testing of Tea Garden Crawler Plowing Machine SHEN Shuai, REN Ning, ZHENG Hang, YU Guohong, CHEN Zhidong Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 273-283.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.02.003 Abstract （60）      PDF（pc） （1587KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save In response to the problems of inadequate agricultural equipment and poor slope performance in tea gardens of hilly areas, a tracked ploughing machine suitable for hilly tea plantations was designed and developed, with a focus on slope performance. The main structural parameters of the chassis were designed, and the dynamic simulation was used to analyze the machine's ability to traverse across and along slopes. The simulation results show that the maximum slope for the machine to traverse across was 22°, and the maximum slope for the machine to traverse along was 31°. To explore the quality of excavator tillage, based on the theoretical analysis of the tillage movement trajectory, the tillage advance speed was optimized by dynamics, and the optimal tillage advance speed of 400-450 mm·s-1 was obtained for excavators. To further verify the rationality of the parameters and the reliability of the simulation results, field tests were conducted on uphill slopes. The results show that the maximum climbing ability of the machine on uphill slopes was 32°, with an error of 3.22% compared to the theoretical climbing angle. The results validate the accuracy and reliability of the theoretical calculations and simulations, demonstrating that the designed ploughing machine has good maneuverability and can fully meet the uphill climbing needs of hilly areas, providing an effective solution to the problem of tea plantation cultivation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Study of Volatile Components in Three Scented Types of Black Tea Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS and Molecular Docking Technology ZHANG Peng, HUANG Yan, WEI Chengjiang, ZHENG Zhiqiang, WU Weiwei, ZHENG Changkun, SHEN Weiwei, YU Yingjie, LIN Fuming, SUN Weijiang Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 318-332.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.02.007 Abstract （38）      PDF（pc） （3521KB）（12）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, honey-like, fruity, and herbal mint-scented black teas have attracted considerable consumer attention and preference. However, the underlying mechanisms of their aroma characteristics require further in-depth investigation and analysis. This study employed headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), combined with variable importance in projection (VIP) and relative odor activity value (ROAV) of orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify key volatile compounds in three scented types of black tea. Molecular docking was then used to explore the binding sites and interactions between the key volatile compounds and olfactory receptors. The results show significant differences in the volatile component contents among the three scented types of black tea, with 13 volatile compounds identified as the critical contributors to these differences. In honey-like black tea, damascenone, benzaldehyde, and linalool oxide I were identified as the major volatile contributors. In fruity-scented black tea, heptanal, 3,6-nonadien-1-ol, 2-heptanone, (E)-citral, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one played pivotal roles. While the cooling sensation in herbal mint-scented black tea was closely associated with methyl salicylate. Molecular docking analysis demonstrates that the key volatile compounds spontaneously bind to olfactory receptors OR1A1, OR1G1, OR2W1, OR5M3, OR7D4, and OR8D1, with OR1A1 identified as the primary receptor for perceiving these aroma characteristics. The binding was facilitated by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with three amino acid residues (TYR258, PHE206, and VAL254) of OR1A1, promoting the presentation of the aroma profiles. This study elucidates the mechanisms for the characteristic aroma formations of these three scented types of black tea, providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing black tea flavor quality and achieving targeted processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Optimization and Testing of Tea Garden Biomimetic Tillage Machine Based on DEM-MBD Coupling Algorithm JIA Zhijun, JIANG Jiayin, XU Jiajun, LI Yang, DONG Chunwang, SONG Wentao, LI Kai, WEI Chizhang, YAO Yuchen, YAO Lijian, YANG Zidong, LIU Haoyang, MA Rong Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 284-302.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.02.010 Abstract （35）      PDF（pc） （3657KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the problems of high resistance and poor operation efficiency caused by soil compaction and stickiness in tea plantation cultivation, this study designed a tea plantation composite biomimetic tillage shovel based on the mole claw toe as a biomimetic prototype, and integrated it with a four-bar mechanism to develop a tea garden tillage machine. Firstly, a simulation analysis of the tillage process of a tea garden bionic tillage shovel was carried out based on the coupling algorithm of Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Multi Body Dynamics (MBD). At the same time, Design Expert 13 experimental design software was used to design and carry out a three-factor three-level simulation orthogonal combination experiment. It was found that when the tillage depth was 100 mm, the optimal working parameters of the tea garden biomimetic tillage machine with a composite biomimetic tillage shovel were the plowing shovel insertion angle of 33.506°, the driving arm speed of 289.923 r·min-1, and the tillage machine forward speed of 0.2 m·s-1. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of soil disturbance simulation based on soil particle velocity distribution was conducted under these working parameters. Finally, a comparative experiment was conducted in tea gardens using a composite biomimetic tillage shovel and a prototype shovel under the same working parameters. The results show that compared with the prototype shovel, the average resistance of the tea garden biomimetic tillage machine equipped with a composite biomimetic shovel was reduced by 5.70%, and the performance evaluation indicators such as soil fragmentation rate were improved. Its working performance can meet the requirements of tea garden cultivation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Leaf Spot in Tea Plants YANG Fang, JIANG Bingbing, LEI Jinmei, GUO Cunwu, LI Limei, XU Jiayi, WANG Xinghua, YUAN Wenxia, WANG Baijuan Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 266-272.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.02.006 Abstract （42）      PDF（pc） （909KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is an important agricultural economic crop in China. Tea leaf spot disease is one of the most important leaf diseases of tea plants. It seriously affects the yield and quality of tea. In 2023, a tea leaf spot disease was found in a tea garden in Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture Yunnan Province. In order to clarify the pathogen, the tissue isolation method and wound inoculation method were used to isolate and determine the pathogenicity of the pathogen. The morphological characteristics were observed and combined with molecular biology techniques to determine the type of pathogen. The results show that the three strains could infect tea leaves and were the causal agents of tea leaf spot. The pathogen causing tea leaf spot was identified as Nigrospora musae by observing its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of multiple genes (ITS, TUB2 and TEF-1α). The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tea leaf spot caused by the pathogen. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Codon Usage Bias in Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genomes of Camellia sinensis cv.‘Zhuyeqi’ ZENG Wenjuan, ZHU Youpeng, CHEN Jiaxin, LI Hongyu, WANG Shuanghui, GONG Yihui, CHEN Zhiyin Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 201-218.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.02.008 Abstract （44）      PDF（pc） （2717KB）（8）       Knowledge map    Save Codon usage bias serves as an important driving force for gene expression regulation and molecular evolution, and is of particular importance in the study of plant organellar genomes. Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Zhuyeqi’, an important tea cultivar in China, has not yet received a systematic report on the codon usage patterns of its organellar genomes. This study was systematic bioinformatic analysis of the 52 chloroplast-encoded genes and 29 mitochondrial-encoded genes of ‘Zhuyeqi’. The results reveal that: (1) both the chloroplast genome (ENC=44.64±3.25) and the mitochondrial genome (ENC=51.98±3.47) exhibit weak codon usage bias, with the chloroplast bias primarily driven by natural selection (GC3s and ENC correlation R2=0.482). While the mitochondrial bias is jointly influenced by natural selection and mutational pressure (R2=0.312). (2) Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis demonstrates that both organellar genomes significantly prefer synonymous codons ending in A/U, and the highly expressed chloroplast genes (rpoC2, psbA) exhibit stronger codon preferences. (3) a multi-parameter screening approach identified 20 optimal chloroplast codons (GCA, GCU) and 23 optimal mitochondrial codons (GCC, AGG). This study provided elucidation of the codon usage characteristics and evolutionary driving forces in the organellar genomes of Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Zhuyeqi’, offering crucial theoretical guidance for the optimization of the tea molecular breeding system and the efficient expression of exogenous genes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of CsPATL Gene Family and Analysis of Upstream Transcriptional Regulation of CsPATL1 WANG Jinbo, XIE Siyi, DOU Xiangya, SHEN Xiaohua, TIAN Na, LIU Shuoqian Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 191-200.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.02.005 Abstract （44）      PDF（pc） （1962KB）（6）       Knowledge map    Save The Patellin (PATL) gene family is essential for plant growth, development and environmental adaptation. This study systematically identified and analyzed the CsPATL gene family in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). Five members of the CsPATL family were identified using a variety of bioinformatics techniques, and the physicochemical characteristics of their protein sequences were analyzed. The results show that the five CsPATL genes encode 232~585 amino acids, their molecular weights are 26.31~64.69 kDa, and their theoretical isoelectric points are 4.65~9.35. The chromosomal localization of these genes and the cis-elements in their promoter sequences were also analyzed in detail, and it was found that these genes were unevenly distributed on four chromosomes, and were mainly involved in phytohormone response, abiotic stress response, and light response, with light-responsive elements occupying a significant proportion in particular. Y1H, EMSA, and dual-luciferase assays confirm that Cshdz7 can directly bind to the CsPATL1 promoter and promote CsPATL1 gene expression. These findings provided a new perspective on the role of the CsPATL family genes in plant developmental regulation of tea plant development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Storage Time on Chemical Components and Taste Characteristics of ‘Rucheng Baimaocha’ White Tea XIE Mingwei, DING Shuqia, NIE Qing, ZHOU Linghong, WEN Haitao, CAI Shuxian Journal of Tea Science    2025, 45 (2): 333-345.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20250319.001 Abstract （39）      PDF（pc） （2796KB）（5）       Knowledge map    Save ‘Rucheng Baimaocha’ (Camellia pubescens) exhibits excellent suitability for white tea processing, yet research on its change during storage remains unexplored. The chemical composition and taste characteristics of Baihaoyinzhen and Shoumei produced from ‘Rucheng Baimaocha’ were analyzed by metabolomics, sensory evaluation and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) for different storage durations. The results demonstrate that storage duration exerted a more pronounced impact on the chemical composition of Shoumei compared to Baihaoyinzhen. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) identified 349 and 805 differential metabolites in Baihaoyinzhen and Shoumei samples, respectively. Compared to tea samples stored for 1 year, Baihaoyinzhen stored for 7 years exhibited increased levels of alkaloids, amino acids and their derivatives, lipids, nucleotides and their derivatives, organic acids and terpenes. While its flavonoids and other compounds showed decreased levels. In contrast, Shoumei stored for 7 years displayed significant reductions in alkaloids, amino acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, lignans and coumarins, lipids, phenolic acids, tannins and quinones, and other compounds. The contents of eight compounds, including 4-methylphenol and 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, showed a positive correlation with storage duration. Changes in the levels of taste -related compounds such as theanine and arginine led to alterations in the tea's taste characteristics. Additionally, bioactive components like kaempferol, cyclo(proline-leucine), and agmatine increased after storage, enhancing the health-promoting effects of ‘Rucheng Baimaocha’ white tea. The research findings provided references and a theoretical basis for the scientific storage and quality improvement of ‘Rucheng Baimaocha’ white tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics